苜蓿褐斑病抗性与几种同工酶的关系

以苜蓿5个品种在褐斑病抗性上存在差异的抗、感单株为材料，研究了接种病菌后苜蓿褐斑病抗性与多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及其酶活性的关系。研究结果表明，褐斑病侵染后，苜蓿抗病株系和感病株系叶片中PPO、POD和SOD同工酶谱带多少和强弱存在明显的差异，即大部分抗病株系PPO、POD和SOD酶活性高于感病株系，并有新的同工酶带出现。PPO、POD和SOD在苜蓿抗褐斑病上可能起到重要作用，其同工酶谱带和酶活性的差异有可能做为鉴定苜蓿抗褐斑病的一种同工酶标记。     

花生区组间杂种二代性状鉴定

花生区组四粒红与根茎区组Arachis glabrata杂交果针经离体培养克服了不亲和性,获得杂种。杂种二代性状出现疯狂分离,但有些性状仍分别倾向双亲。经叶片过氧化物同工酶分析,酶带的条数、宽窄、活性强弱及迁移率,杂种与双亲有明显差异,也有共同之处,初步证明了杂种的真实性。     

锗─132对鸡马立克氏病肿瘤病变的抑制效果及其作用机理的研究Ⅰ．锗─132对健康及人工感染MDV雏鸡抗氧化功能的影响

选用１日龄肉用雏鸡３００只，随机分为４组：Ｉ组为健康对照；Ⅱ、Ⅲ组喂１００ｐｐｍ锗─１３２（Ｇｅ－１３２）；Ⅲ、Ⅳ组人工感染马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）。经６０ｄ临床观察并每隔１０ｄ用电子自旋共振波谱（ＥＳＲ）法测定胸腺、法氏囊及脾组织中自由基含量，同时检测全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ、血清ＳＯＤ活性及血清丙二醛含量。结果，健康雏鸡全血ＧＳＨ－ｐｘ活性均值为７．９３８７±１．２３７８Ｕ／ｍＬ血清ＳＯＤ活性为８０．４６４３±１．０９８７ｎＵ／ｍＬ血清丙二醛含量为２．９９７８±０１７６０ｎｍｏｌ／ｍＬ；健康雏鸡胸腺、法氏囊及脾组织中自由基平均含量分别为：０．２７±０．０４、０．３４±０．０８、０．２８±０．０６相对浓度（×１０１０ｓｐｉｎｓ／ｇ湿重）。通过与健康对照组比较，人工感染ＭＤＶ雏鸡全血ＧＳＨ－ｐｘ和血清ＳＯＤ活性明显降低，而上述各组织中自由基和血清丙二醛含量则显著增多。Ⅲ、Ⅳ两组对比结果表明：Ⅲ组的全血ＧＳＨ－ｐｘ和血清ＳＯＤ活性高于Ⅳ组，组织中自由基和血清丙二醛含量却低于Ⅳ组，从而证实Ｇｅ－１３２能增强人工感染ＭＤＶ雏鸡的抗氧化功能。     

美味侧耳五种酶的同工酶谱在不同菌体组织中的变化

比较了美味侧耳不同菌体组织中５种酶的同工酶谱变化。酯酶（Ｅ５Ｔ）和苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）在子实体中的酶带数和活性均高于液培菌丝。过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）的情况则正好相反。乙醇脱氢酶（ＡＤＨ）和山梨醇脱氢酶（ＳＯＤＨ）的酶带只在子实体中发现。酶谱随子实体部位而变异的进度同酶种类有关，ＰＯＤ变化较大，ＥＳＴ和ＭＤＨ较不明显，ＡＤＨ和ＳＯＤＨ没有变化。本实验结果为今后以这５种酶为生化遗传标记研究美味侧耳提供了基础依据。     

陆地棉功能叶不同生育时期酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的研究

对不同熟性棉花品种功能叶几种酶活性及脂质过氧化水平（以丙二醛含量表示）的研究结果表明，超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性在吐絮前呈波动上升，吐絮盛期争剧下降；丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量吐絮前缓慢上升，吐絮后明显增加；过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性在结铃以前随叶片发育而上升，结铃后急剧下降；过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性始终呈上升趋势。进一步对ＰＯＤ同工酶进行电泳发现，其酶谱构成随生育进程而变化，早熟品种在开花期酶带条数最多     

利用RAPD和同工酶研究中国兜兰属种间亲缘关系

 本文选择14种10个碱基的寡核苷酸引物和7种酶系统, 应用RAPD和同工酶分子标记技术分析中国兜兰属(Paphiopedilum) 种间亲缘关系, 并与陈心启和Cribb的传统分类、Cox等的ITS结果进行比较。研究结果显示, RAPD和同工酶两种手段对种间亲缘关系的划分与传统分类大致吻合, 同工酶比RAPD的结果更接近传统分类。兜兰亚属需进一步分组, 彩云兜兰、卷萼兜兰、紫纹兜兰及其变种云南虎皮应自成一个组。     

硒和维生素E在热应激猪自由基代谢中的作用

在平均温度为 (34.89± 5 .6 2 )℃的猪舍内 ,选择 10 0日龄长大二元杂交商品生长猪 (去势公猪 ) 4 0头 ,随机分为 4组 ,通过日粮添加不同水平的硒 (Se)和维生素 E(VE)作为对照组、低水平组、中水平组和高水平组 ,测定与自由基代谢有关的血清丙二醛 (malondialdehyde,MDA )含量、超氧化物歧化酶 (superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (glutathione- peroxidase,GSH- Px)活性。结果表明 ,补充 Se和 VE 可降低 (P<0 .0 5 )或显著降低 (P<0 .0 1)血清MDA含量 ;升高 (P<0 .0 5 )或显著升高 (P<0 .0 1)血清 SOD和 GSH- Px活性 ,从而证明 Se和 VE可减少热应激猪体内自由基的数量 ,缓解猪热应激时的自由基损伤 ,提高猪抗热应激的能力     

Melatonin reduces apoptotic cells,SOD2 and HSPB1 and improves the in vitro production and quality of bovine blastocysts

Effects of adding different concentrations of melatonin (10^?7, 10^?9 and 10^?11 M) to maturation (Experiment 1; Control, IVM  + 10^?7, IVM  + 10^?9, IVM  + 10^?11) and culture media (Experiment 2; Control, IVC  + 10^?7, IVC  + 10^?9, IVC  + 10^?11) were evaluated on in vitro bovine embryonic development. The optimal concentration of melatonin (10^?9 M) from Experiments 1–2 was tested in both maturation and/or culture media of Experiment 3 (Control, IVM  + 10^?9, IVC  + 10^?9, IVM /IVC  + 10^?9). In Experiment 1, maturated oocytes from Control and IVM  + 10^?9 treatments showed increased glutathione content, mitochondrial membrane potential and percentage of Grade I blastocysts (40.6% and 43%, respectively). In Experiment 2, an increase in the percentage of Grade I blastocysts was detected in IVC  + 10^?7 (43.5%; 56.7%) and IVC  + 10^?9 (47.4%; 57.4%). Moreover, a lower number and percentage of apoptotic cells in blastocysts were observed in the IVC  + 10^?9 group compared to Control (3.8 ± 0.6; 3.6% versus 6.1 ± 0.6; 5.3%). In Experiment 3, the IVC  + 10^?9 treatment increased percentage of Grade I blastocysts with a lower number of apoptotic cells compared to IVM /IVC  + 10^?9 group (52.6%; 3.0 ± 0.5 versus 46.0%; 5.4 ± 1.0). The IVC  + 10^?9 treatment also had a higher mRNA expression of antioxidant gene (SOD 2) compared to the Control, as well as the heat shock protein (HSPB 1) compared to the IVM  + 10^?9. Reactive oxygen species production was greater in the IVM /IVC  + 10^?9 treatment group. In conclusion, the 10^?9 M concentration of melatonin and the in vitro production phase in which it is used directly affected embryonic development and quality.     

减少运输组织对机车能耗影响的建议

本文分析了引起南宁铁路局内燃、电力机车能源消耗同比上升的原因,提出优化列车运行方案及运输调度指挥,减少单机、欠轴列车的开行和机外停车,以及提高机车乘务员的操纵水平、科学合理进行防"关折"操作、加强机车能耗分析等措施,以进一步降低铁路运输成本支出。     

A review of soil NO transformation: Associated processes and possible physiological significance on organisms

NO emissions from soils and ecosystems are of outstanding importance for atmospheric chemistry. Here we review the current knowledge on processes involved in the formation and consumption of NO in soils, the importance of NO for the physiological functioning of different organisms, and for inter- and intra-species signaling and competition, e.g. in the rooting zone between microbes and plants. We also show that prokaryotes and eukaryotes are able to produce NO by multiple pathways and that unspecific enzymo-oxidative mechanisms of NO production are likely to occur in soils. Nitric oxide production in soils is not only linked to NO production by nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms, but also linked to extracellular enzymes from a wide range of microorganisms.Further investigations are needed to clarify molecular mechanisms of NO production and consumption, its controlling factors, and the significance of NO as a regulator for microbial, animal and plant processes. Such process understanding is required to elucidate the importance of soils as sources (and sinks) for atmospheric NO.