基于滚筒的打后碎片筛分工艺

为改善打后筛分工艺,降低投资运行成本,方便维护保养,对比分析了分别以振筛和滚筒为关键筛分设备的两种打后筛分工艺,从工艺设计依据、质量分析、投资运行、维护保养和持续改进等方面阐述了滚筒式打后筛分工艺的特性.结果表明,该工艺具有成熟的理论和实践基础,工序本身不会引起片烟过多的造碎和卷曲,而且在设备投资、维护保养和改进空间等方面,具有振筛式打后筛分工艺所无法比较的优越性.     

砾石含量对土壤可蚀性因子估算的影响研究

砾石（>2 mm）是土壤组成部分之一,其含量对侵蚀产沙有重要影响。在土壤可蚀性因子（K）计算中充分考虑砾石含量的影响,计算所得土壤可蚀性因子会更加准确。利用30弧秒分辨率土壤砾石含量和土壤质地等级等数据,利用文献报道的砾石含量与土壤渗透性和土壤侵蚀关系估算方法,在全球范围内分析估算砾石含量对土壤可蚀性因子的影响。结果表明,（1）土壤剖面中砾石的存在,通过降低土壤入渗速率（土壤渗透性等级增加5.68%）、增加地表径流而使土壤侵蚀增加,进而使全球土壤可蚀性因子增加4.43%;砾石覆盖通过保护土壤免遭雨滴打击和径流冲刷减少侵蚀,在山地、荒漠（沙漠和戈壁）地区,这一影响会使土壤可蚀性值减小约18.7%。考虑土壤剖面砾石含量和表面砾石覆盖综合影响时,土壤可蚀性因子降低5.52%。（2）以砾石影响为主的地区,占全球62.7%,土壤可蚀性因子可降低0.0091( t?hm2?h)?( hm-2?MJ-1?mm-1);以剖面砾石影响为主的地区,占全球的31.1%,土壤可蚀性因子增加0.0019( t?hm2?h)?( hm-2?MJ-1?mm-1)。（3）剖面和表面砾石共同作用使6个样区土壤流失速率减少约11.8%。因此,剖面砾石的存在会增加土壤可蚀性,而表面砾石覆盖会减少土壤可蚀性,综合影响使土壤侵蚀降低。在区域土壤可蚀性制图研究中,应考虑这两个方面的影响,进而提高土壤可蚀性因子的制图精度。     

Study on Analysis Methods for Rock Slope FoundationStability of the Highrise Building

Based on the practical project a study on analysis methods for rock slope foundation stability of highrise-building project criterion transfer coefficient method, rotation limit equilibrium method (Sweden slices method) and finite element method was carried out.The authors found that safety factor of criterion transfer coefficient method is larger than that of rotation limit equilibrium method, but is similar to the results of finite element method. So, when rockslope foundation stability of highrise building is to be analysed,the rotation limit equilibrium method is suggested to use.     

Growth rates and survival of western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) at two temperatures (ambient and 23 °C) and two feeding frequencies

Wild caught post-pueruli, year one and year two post settlement juvenile western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus, were held at ambient temperatures (15.6 °C to 23.1 °C; mean 19.0 ± 0.07 °C) or at 23 °C, and fed the same ration of a formulated pellet diet either once per night, or 3 times per night, over 12 months, to determine whether elevated temperatures and multiple feeds per night would stimulate growth through increased metabolism and feed utilisation without significant negative impacts on survival. Survival of post-pueruli (mean 63%) did not differ between ambient and 23 °C. Survival of year 1 and 2 juveniles was higher at ambient temperatures (p < 0.01 ambient: year 1 juveniles, 68%; year 2 juveniles, 88%; 23 °C: 57% and 74%, respectively). Feeding frequency did not affect survival of post-pueruli and year 2 juveniles (mean 63%, 81% respectively), but survival was 9% higher for year 1 juveniles fed three times per night (58% versus 67%; p < 0.01). All lobsters grew faster at 23 °C than at ambient temperatures (p < 0.05), with the growth of post-pueruli almost doubled at 23 °C (weight gain at 23 °C versus ambient: post-pueruli, 18 438 % versus 9 915 %; year 1 juveniles 259% versus 165%; year 2 juveniles 23% versus 21%). Feed frequency did not influence the growth of year 1 and 2 juveniles. However, there was an interaction effect of temperature and feed frequency on post-pueruli where weight and carapace length were significantly higher at ambient temperatures when post-pueruli were fed three times a day, whereas at 23 °C weight and carapace length were significantly greater when fed once per day (p < 0.05). Feed intake (g pellet dry matter lobster^− 1 day^− 1) of pellet was higher at 23 °C for all lobsters (p < 0.05), but was the same between lobsters fed 3 times per night versus once per night. This study has shown that increasing temperatures to 23 °C significantly improved the growth of P. cygnus post-pueruli without any adverse effects on survival. The faster growth rates exhibited by year 1 and 2 juveniles at 23 °C may potentially offset their lower survival by significantly reducing culture period. There is no benefit of feeding P. cygnus multiple times at night in terms of growth and survival. The implications for P. cygnus culture are that temperatures should be maintained close to 23 °C during the entire growout period, with due care taken to minimise mortalities through adequate provision of food and shelter. Feeding P. cygnus once daily to excess just prior to dusk to co-incide with nocturnal feeding behaviour is recommended.     

基于磁珠和双抗夹心免疫分析的Bt Cry1Ac毒素单链抗体筛选与鉴定

【目的】通过设计并优化生物素-亲和素标记磁珠筛选策略,建立针对Cry1Ac毒素的新型双抗夹心ELISA检测方法,为研究灵敏、快速的Bt毒素的检测方法建立一种新的检测模式。【方法】采用磁珠液相正负筛选方法,经过4轮筛选后,对每轮筛选后抗Cry1Ac毒素特异性结合噬菌体抗体的富集效果进行鉴定,通过单克隆ELISA方法从第4轮筛选得到的次级库中获得特异性结合Cry1Ac的阳性克隆,并对其进行PCR鉴定和DNA测序,确定有完整插入的scFv片段后进行后期相关试验。将相对结合活性最好的阳性克隆scFv-A12替换宿主菌HB2151中进行可溶性诱导表达并纯化。利用纯化后的scFv-A12作为“捕获抗体”,Anti-Cry1Ac兔多克隆抗体作为“检测抗体”,建立针对Cry1Ac的双抗夹心ELISA检测方法。【结果】以生物素化的Cry1Ac蛋白为包被原,利用噬菌体抗体库对其进行了4轮液相筛选。结果显示,相对产出率随着筛选轮数的增加而提高,第4轮较第1轮提高了42倍;单克隆噬菌体ELISA鉴定抗Cry1Ac噬菌体抗体,以试验孔OD450/阴性孔 OD450大于2.1为阳性标准,从第4轮筛选后的培养皿中随机挑选了300个菌落,经单克隆ELISA鉴定出6个阳性克隆,分别命名为hsCry1Ac-C5、hsCry1Ac-D8、hsCry1Ac-C12、hsCry1Ac-A12、hsCry1Ac-F9和hsCry1Ac-F4。其中,hsCry1Ac-A12具有相对较高的亲和力。对上述6个阳性克隆进行菌液PCR检测发现,在935 bp处均有明显的目的条带,通过对其进行测序和氨基酸序列比对,最终得到4株不同氨基酸序列的阳性克隆。hsCry1Ac-A12在成功替换宿主菌HB2151后,经1 mmol•L-1 IPTG诱导表达,于30℃条件下培养过夜。其表达产物经His Trap HP镍亲和柱纯化后SDS-PAGE检测,hsCry1Ac-A12蛋白分子量约为30 kD。通过方阵滴定对抗体浓度进行优化后,利用单链抗体为“捕获抗体”,多抗为“检测抗体”,建立了Cry1Ac双抗夹心ELISA检测方法。在1.25-2.43 μg•mL-1线性检测范围内,线性回归方程为Y=0.2522X+1.2832(R2=0.9564),检测限为1.08 ng•mL-1。【结论】利用磁珠液相筛选方法,建立了针对Cry1Ac毒素的双抗夹心ELISA检测方法,为快速、准确检测转基因食品中Cry1Ac提供了一种新的检测模式。     

武夷岩茶氨基酸组分及含量分析

采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定分析大红袍、水仙、肉桂、雀舌、金毛猴和矮脚乌龙等6个品种武夷岩茶的游离氨基酸组分,结果表明:6个品种武夷岩茶均含有17种氨基酸,氨基酸含量品种间差异显著,武夷岩茶的游离氨基酸总量为75.82~107.12 mg/g;其中含量较高的为谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和亮氨酸。武夷岩茶的氨基酸中含有各种人体必需氨基酸,且比例均衡;必需氨基酸总量占30.47%~40.46%,药用氨基酸含量丰富,占氨基酸总量的61.29%~63.90%;呈鲜味的氨基酸含量也占氨基酸总量的23.80%~28.63%,因此,武夷岩茶具有较高的营养价值和保健功能。     

蕨类植物在园林绿化中的应用

蕨类植物种类丰富、适应性强、管理简便,非常适合园林应用。在简要分析我国蕨类植物种质资源的基础上,探讨蕨类植物在园林植物造景如庭院、地被、水景、岩石园等的应用,提出应在园林建设中重视蕨类植物,尤其是中国原产的蕨类植物和从国外引进的一些新优园艺蕨类品种,以丰富植物多样性和园林景观。     

有关喀斯特石漠化研究的一些认识

本文着重从地质和生态的角度，阐述喀斯特石漠化的形成特点和演化方式及其对综合治理的指导意义。对西南岩溶山地而言，土壤和植被是生态环境中最为敏感的自然环境要素，与非岩溶区相比，具有明显的脆弱特征。它们在干扰下发生迅速演替，诱发地表水文条件的改变，导致石漠化的形成。文中特别强调岩溶山区碳酸盐岩基底岩性的不同、生态环境类型与植被演替的方式和进程的多样性对于岩溶生态系统的影响作用。基于上述认识，对石漠化地区的土地利用方式和生态恢复过程以及可能发展的方向提出了一些建议和看法。     

DISTAL BORDER FRAGMENTS OF THE EQUINE NAVICULAR BONE: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS AND CLINICAL LAMENESS

Distal border fragments of the navicular bone are increasingly being detected due to the improved capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but their clinical significance remains unclear. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the location, size, and frequency of fragments in a cohort of horses presented for MRI of the foot and to compare MRI findings with severity of lameness. Archived MRI studies and medical records were searched from March 2006 to June 2008. Horses were included if a distal border fragment of the navicular bone was visible in MRI scans. Confidence interval comparisons and linear regression analyses were used to test hypotheses that fragments were associated with lameness and lameness severity was positively correlated with fragment volume and biaxial location. A total of 453 horses (874 limbs) were included. Fragments were identified in 60 horses (13.25%) and 90 limbs (10.3%). Fifty percent of the horses had unilateral fragments and 50% had bilateral fragments. Fragments were located at the lateral (62.2%), medial (8.89%), or medial and lateral (28.9%) angles of the distal border of the navicular bone. There was no increased probability of being categorized as lame if a fragment was present. There was no significant difference in fragment volume across lameness severity categorizations. Confidence intervals indicated a slightly increased probability of being classified as lame if both medial and lateral fragments were present. Findings indicated that distal border fragments of the navicular bone in equine MRI studies are unlikely to be related to existing lameness.