氯化钙对野葛块根低温贮藏生理生化指标的影响

研究氯化钙对野葛低温贮藏生理生化指标的影响.结果表明:在2%的氯化钙处理下,4℃低温可明显抑制贮藏期间块根含水量的下降,并且可使可溶性蛋白和可溶性总糖含量增加,有利于野葛块根采后的贮藏.     

陕西省武功县葛藤根区AM真菌初步调查

通过对陕西省武功县3个葛藤品种根区AM真菌的调查,初步探明了葛藤根区AM真菌资源,为AM真菌在葛藤上的应用提供理论依据。结果表明:AM真菌能与葛藤形成良好的共生关系,不同品种葛藤具有不同的AM真菌生长特性,其定殖率也不相同。总定殖率、泡囊、菌丝定殖率在品种间为:菜葛>粉葛>药葛;丛枝定殖率在品种间为粉葛>药葛>菜葛;孢子密度在品种间为:药葛>粉葛>菜葛。葛藤根区AM真菌资源丰富,土样中AM真菌多为球囊霉属(Glomus),也有少数无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)和盾巨囊霉属(Scutellospora)的种类。已鉴定出AM真菌20种,其中球囊霉属13种,无梗囊霉属6种,盾巨囊霉属1种。     

我国葛根产业的开发思路

葛根是药食同源两用植物,其保健作用明显。针对目前我国对葛根的加工利用的现状,提出了我国葛根产业发展的新思路。     

省葛藤属根瘤菌的遗传多样性研究

用AFLP、REP-PCR、23SrDNAPCR-RFLP等方法对分离自四川的23株葛藤属的根瘤菌的遗传特性进行了研究。结果表明,供试的葛藤根瘤菌遗传特性存在明显差异。AFLP分析结果显示,23个菌株分为7个AFLP遗传群;在BOXAIR-PCR分析中,23株根瘤菌则被分为5个遗传群;对23SrDNAPCR-RFLP分析表明,葛藤根瘤菌分属于中慢生根瘤菌属(Mesorhizobium)、慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)2个属,聚类分析结果将其划分为5个遗传群。分离自四川省的葛藤根瘤菌存在较大的遗传多样性。     

葛根淀粉组份的亲和层析分离

本文应用交联明胶柱层析方法分离葛根淀粉，得到级份Ａ和级份Ｂ两组分。高碘酸氧化、蓝值及β－淀粉酶水解证明级份Ａ为支链淀粉，级份Ｂ为直链淀粉。葛根淀粉含１８．１％的直链淀粉。葛根支链淀粉平均８．６个（１→４）连接的已糖单位有一（１→６）连接的分支。     

一株分离自葛藤根际高效溶磷细菌特性研究及菌株鉴定

对分离自葛藤(Pueraria lobata L.)根际的一株高效溶磷细菌GTR15进行促生特性、主要生理生化指标测定和16S rDNA序列分析。结果表明,菌株GTR15的HD/CD值(溶磷圈直径HD,菌落直径CD)为2.22,28℃液体振荡培养7 d后对磷酸钙的溶解量为138.72 mg.L-1,分泌IAA(3-吲哚乙酸)及有机酸量分别为14.44 mg.L-1、46.00 mmol.L-1。菌株革兰氏染色为阴性,细胞短杆状;淀粉水解、吲哚、V-P(二乙酰试验)、苯丙氨酸脱氨酶、明胶液化及M-R(甲基红)试验呈阴性;柠檬酸盐、过氧化氢酶、硫化氢及硝酸盐还原等试验呈阳性,结合菌株16S rDNA序列分析结果,初步鉴定为肠杆菌(Enterobacter sp.)。该菌株在研制高效微生物磷肥接种剂方面可能具有较大潜力。     

HPLC法同时测定葛根中葛根素·大豆苷及大豆苷元含量

[目的]建立HPLC同时测定葛根中葛根素、大豆苷、大豆苷元含量的检测方法。[方法]HPLC色谱条件为:C18柱,流动相为甲醇-1%醋酸水溶液梯度洗脱,检测波长250 nm,流速1.0 ml/min,柱温30℃,进样量10μl。[结果]在测定范围内,葛根中葛根素、大豆苷、大豆苷元混合对照品的线性关系良好。[结论]该方法可为葛根的质量控制及综合开发提供参考。     

超声波辅助提取葛根黄酮的工艺研究

采用超声波提取法,研究了乙醇浓度、固液比、超声波提取时间、超声波功率4个因素对葛根（Puerariae lobata（Willd.） Ohwi）黄酮提取率的影响,并采用L8（27）正交试验确定超声波提取葛根黄酮的最优工艺。结果表明：超声波作用时间与固液比对葛根黄酮得率有显著影响（P〈0.05）,并且其交互影响显著（P〈0.05）。优化的葛根黄酮提取条件为：乙醇浓度70％、料液比1：25、超声功率240W、超声时间40rain。     

施肥放养紫胶对马鹿花结籽的影响

对马鹿花植株施肥，放养紫胶与结籽关系的试验研究结果表明；只要控制好紫胶虫的固虫率（20%左右），放胶与否对马鹿花植株的结实量没有明显影响；马鹿花植株是否施肥对其生产紫胶量无明显影响；马鹿花植株施肥与否对其产种量无明显影响。故生产中以生产紫胶或种子为目的时，马鹿花植株不必追肥，并且可以同时放养紫胶和生产种子。     

Changes in mineral nitrogen, phosphorus availability and salt-extractable aluminium following the application of green manure residues in two weathered soils of South Vietnam

Phosphorus deficiency and aluminium toxicity in weathered soils can be amended by applying organic residues. Nitrogen mineralization, changes in P-availability and changes in salt-extractable Al following the incorporation of residues of various green manures (Flemingia congesta, Mucuna pruriens, Pueraria phaseoloides, Tithonia diversifolia) were quantified in a field core incubation experiment. Dried residues were added at an application rate of 45 kg P ha⁻¹ to two soils representative for the main soil groups of the South Vietnamese uplands, set up in incubation cores in an experimental field near Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Decomposition of the residues proceeded at high rates. Mineralized nitrogen from the residues was recovered mainly as ammonium during the first 2 weeks of incubation. Nitrogen release from Tithonia residues with the highest lignin content and lignin:N ratio occurred more gradually compared to the three legumes. Resin-extractable P was significantly increased by residue treatments. Largest and sustained increases in resin-extractable P (0.67 and 2.06 mg P kg⁻¹ in the two soils) were observed in samples amended with Tithonia, which was related to the large P-content (0.37%) and small C:P ratio (110) of the residues. The P-concentration in the residues, rather than the total amount of P applied through the residues, affected the increase in P-availability. The increase in resin-extractable P was correlated to the P-content (R=0.64) and C:P ratio (R=−0.65) of the residues. Salt-extractable Al-concentrations were considerably reduced by the organic amendments, up to 70 and 50% in the two soils. At the rate of 45 kg P ha⁻¹, no significant differences between the residue treatments to reduce soil acidity were observed.As such, the application of high quality residues that are rich in P, in particular T. diversifolia, may enhance crop production by creating favourable soil conditions during the initial stages of plant development of the main crop.