烟粉虱对LED-塑料杯的趋性规律研究

烟粉虱是世界性重要害虫之一,严重影响温室蔬菜和花卉以及大田作物的产量。利用自制的LED-塑料杯诱杀器研究烟粉虱的趋光规律。研究结果表明,烟粉虱对三种灯的趋性差异极显著,烟粉虱对甲、乙两种灯趋性较大;三种距离之间差异极显著,15 cm和60 cm对粉虱有很好的诱集效果;黏杀剂之间差异极显著,且黏杀剂1比2的效果好。LED-塑料杯对烟粉虱的诱捕作用最大可达44.4%。     

韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在不同寄主上产卵及对LED光趋性的研究

为了实现活虫捕捉,预测田间种群发生规律,了解田间种群抗性发生动态,通过韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在4科9种不同寄主上的产卵趋性和对6种不同颜色LED光趋性测定,获得最佳寄主与光源,结合韭菜迟眼蕈蚊采集笼制备与野外田间应用,成功获得活虫。韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在马铃薯上产卵量最大,为93.56粒,占产卵总量的45.27%,且对绿色光趋性最强,诱虫量达26.75只,占全部诱虫量的40.38%。在韭菜迟眼蕈纹采集笼的野外应用中,露地捕虫量为700~800只,温室100~200只,大棚300~400只。     

白炽灯诱杀大曲害虫研究

研究结果表明，１００Ｗ白炽灯较１５Ｗ和４０Ｗ的白炽灯对各种曲虫的诱集力为强。其灯下诱集量依次为：药材甲＞谷盗类＞黄斑露尾甲＞蚕豆象＞其他曲虫。还就白炽灯在曲虫防治上的应用进行了讨论     

绿盲蝽对不同波段光谱选择性的初步测定

采用昆虫行为学方法,在室内初步测定了绿盲蝽对350～750 nm波段内9个不同的单色光谱的趋性差异。结果表明：波长为400 nm和450 nm的光谱对绿盲蝽成虫的引诱效果最佳;绿盲蝽成虫羽化时间的长短对其趋光性没有显著性影响。     

秦岭火地塘林区主要趋光性昆虫种类及种群动态的研究

采用黑光灯诱集的方法，对秦岭火地塘林区主要趋光性昆虫种类及优势种的种群动态变化进行了研究，结果表明：该地区主要趋光性昆虫种类有76种，隶属于7个目，21个科，其中以鳞翅目种类最多，包括14科68种。主要优势种类包括石蛾、白蜡绢野螟、白线青尺蛾、橙黑纹野螟、蜉蝣、黄斑长翅卷蛾、黄灰呵尺蛾、黄修虎蛾、三线雪舟蛾、石蝇、雪尾尺蛾等共计11种。不同优势种的昼夜活动规律差异较大，但总体来看，均随时间呈现先增加后减少的变化趋势。该研究为主要昆虫的科学监测和及时防治提供了理论依据和指导。     

蚱蝉趋光性初步研究

蚱蝉对各种光源趋性强弱依次为汽灯、麦草火、黑光灯、普通电灯、且雌性强于雄性。汽灯在林地灯诱的最佳时期为7月25日到8月5日,最佳时刻为21:00～23:00时,最佳挂灯高度为1～1.5m,最佳灯距40～48m。     

探索物理植保新领域 提供绿色农业新技术

基于电磁波谱的生物诱变效应,分析探讨了农业病虫草害的物理防治新技术。害虫活性抑制与致死的激光诱变辐照试验获得了光功率阈值,激光管阵列集成设计获得了满足杀虫光功率的大面积激光杀虫器;蝗虫光电诱导试验证实了低波长光谱的趋光诱导敏感性,LED阵列集成光源及频振光场控制设计实现了蝗虫趋光诱导敏感性激发,在漏斗式光电诱导滑移捕集机试验中获得了85%的蝗虫滑移捕集率;激光辐照试验获得草害的高度温升和热灼烧致死,阵列结构激光杀灭器的圆柱坐标型机械臂液压驱动和行走机械设计形成了激光治理草害的光电机械化技术。     

昆虫趋光性规律研究

研究了趋光性昆虫的种类、上灯时间、周年变化规律以及频振式杀虫灯对昆虫益害比的影响,结果表明,大部分昆虫的上灯时间存在明显差别,降雨会影响当日昆虫的上灯;频振式杀虫灯所捕杀的昆虫中,益害比为1：13,天敌类昆虫占捕获昆虫总量的7%。     

光照、温度对光滑足距小蠹雌成虫起飞行为的影响

光滑足距小蠹[Xylosandrus germanus(Blandford)]雌成虫具有明显的趋光性,光照强度为1~400 lx时,趋光性随光照强度提高而增强。25℃时,完全黑暗条件下该小蠹雌成虫不起飞,光照强度为1~1 500 lx时,起飞虫量随光照强度的增加而增加,且起飞虫量在光照强度为1 500 lx时达最大,光照强度超过1 500 lx时,起飞虫量又逐渐减少。在光照强度400 lx、温度21℃时雌成虫开始起飞,温度21~30℃,起飞虫量随温度升而增加,温度为25~27℃时起飞虫量较多,温度升至35℃时,小蠹雌成虫停止飞行。研究表明,光照和温度两个因素中,温度是光滑足距小蠹雌成虫起飞的先决条件,只有当环境温度高于起飞的临界温度(21℃)时,在低光照强度下雌成虫才起飞。     

Two systems for collection of zooplankton for the culture of larval and juvenile fish

Two systems for enrichment and collection of natural Zooplankton in cooling water recipients were developed for rearing fish fry. One system filters-off plankton from the cooling water with rotating dip-nets (diam. 60 cm). The rotation is powered by the kinetic energy of the water and the nets are continuously flushed clean by high-pressure sprays. The water from the nets, being enriched with plankton, is pumped continuously to a grading station where undesirable size fractions are removed, after which the water is distributed to the rearing pens. The system has been tested at a nuclear power station in the south-western part of the Bothnian Sea and found to be promising, with a collection of, on average, 280 g day^–1. The other system is based on attraction using underwater lamps and pumping of organisms into floating rearing pens. The system is automatic and powered by electricity from the grid. The technical performance has been good. The plankton has been size-graded by attaching net baskets around the lamps. At a nuclear power station on the western coast of the central Baltic Sea, the amount collected has, on average, been 45–570 g Zooplankton lamp^–1 night^–1. The collection system is considered to be of use in productive areas with moderate turnover of water. Both systems are in early stages of development and have not reached their full potential. Improvements are proposed and discussed.