UHPLC-Q/TOF MS结合HPLC-DAD定性和定量分析硫酸黏菌素可溶性粉中的未知添加物

定性和定量分析一批兽药硫酸黏菌素可溶性粉中的未知添加物。照《中国兽药典》2010年版一部对该批检品用微生物检定法进行含量测定时,发现该样品的抑菌圈为虚圈,用薄层色谱鉴别该样品,未显示与标准品溶液一致的主斑点,怀疑该样品中有处方外非法添加物。采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(UHPLC-Q/TOF MS)对该样品进行筛查,发现疑似添加物,并使用液相色谱-二极管阵列检测(HPLC-DAD)法进行了双重确证和含量测定。该样品中非法添加物确证为磺胺氯达嗪和甲氧苄啶,添加量分别为58.5 mg/g和13.4 mg/g。本研究通过建立筛查方法为监管部门提供技术支撑,通过分析非法添加物的可能原因为打击兽药处方外非法添加提供了思路。     

硫酸锰溶液处理对玉米种子抗氧化酶活性的影响

Two kinds of corn were used as materials,changes of SOD,CAT,POD and MDA Contents after Germination of maize seeds in five different concentrations of manganese sulphate were studied.The results show that the content of MDA was significantly different among different varieties,difference was very significant compared with control.The activities of antioxidant enzymes of HuangJinNuo 1 first increased then decreased after treated with manganese sulfate,while that of YinLong BaiYuNou continuous elevation,the resistance of Maize after manganese sulphate increased during germination.     

Mapping soil salinity and pH across an estuarine and alluvial plain using electromagnetic and digital elevation model data

Increasing pressures from agriculture and urbanization have resulted in drainage of many floodplains along the eastern Australian coastline, which are underlain by sulphidic sediments, to lower water tables and reduce soil salinity. This leads to oxidation of the sediments with a rapid decline in pH and an increase in salinity. Accurately mapping soil salinity and pH in coastal acid sulphate soil (CASS) landscapes is therefore important. One required map is the extent of highly acidic (i.e. pH < 4.5) areas, so that the application of alkaline amendments (e.g. lime) to neutralize the acid produced can be specifically targeted to the variation in pH. One approach is to use digital soil mapping (DSM) using ancillary information, such as an EM38, digital elevation models (DEM – elevation) and trend surface parameters (east and north). We used an EM38 in the horizontal (EM38h) and vertical (EM38v) modes together with elevation data to develop multiple linear regressions (MLR) for predicting EC_1:5 and pH. For pH, best results were achieved when the EM38 EC_a data were log‐transformed. By comparing MLR models using REML analysis, we found that using all ancillary data was optimal for mapping EC_1:5, whereas the best predictors for pH were north, log‐EM38v and elevation. Using residual maximum likelihood (REML), the final EC_1:5 and pH maps produced were consistent with previously defined soil landscape units, particularly CASS. The DSM approach used is amenable for mapping saline soils and identifying areas requiring the application of lime to manage acidic soil conditions in CASS landscape.     

硫酸钾镁肥在蔬菜上的应用效果研究初报

以西红柿、黄瓜和青椒为试材,采用对比试验方法,研究了国产硫酸钾镁肥在北方蔬菜上的应用效果.结果表明,配施硫酸钾镁肥可明显提高蔬菜产量,并能在一定程度上提高蔬菜品质,施用硫酸钾镁肥虽然比施用硫酸钾和氯化钾的投入成本略高,但产投效益最好.     

Evaluation of a 4‐h static copper sulphate treatment against experimental infection of Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

The efficacy of copper sulphate (CuSO₄) against the early stages of an experimental acute infection of Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) was evaluated. Fish were challenged, by waterborne exposure to F. columnare in an ultra‐low flow‐through water delivery system, and treated with CuSO₄ at 4.2 and 2.1 mg L^?1 at 5.5 h post challenge for 4 h. Bacterial challenged non‐treated fish acted as a positive control and non‐challenged non‐treated fish acted as a negative control. Fish challenged with F. columnare and treated with CuSO₄ at 4.2 and 2.1 mg L^?1 post challenge had mortalities of 6.4% and 18.3%, respectively, compared with the positive control, which had 90.2% mortality. The mortality of challenged fish treated with CuSO₄ at 4.2 and 2.1 mg L^?1 was significantly different from the positive control. There was no significant difference between the mortalities of the 4.2 and 2.1 mg L^?1 treatments. The results suggest that CuSO₄ has clear therapeutic value against columnaris infections.     

两种不同钾肥在马铃薯上应用效果的研究

盆栽试验结果表明，氯化钾和硫酸钾均能提高马铃薯叶绿素含量，块茎产量较对照增加显著。供试两种钾肥对马铃薯淀粉含量有增加作用，但对维生素C含量有降低趋势。田间试验结果表明，钾肥具有增加大、中薯，降低小薯比例的效果，从而提高商品率。在海伦黑土上，每公顷施氯化钾52．5～202．5kg，增产块茎6．8％～17．6％。在富锦黑粘土上，每公顷施等量的氯化钾，增产块茎6．5％～20．0％。     

硫酸铝对蚕豆根尖细胞遗传毒性效应的研究

以蚕豆根尖为材料,采用蚕豆根尖细胞的微核试验方法和染色体畸变试验方法,研究硫酸铝对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传毒性效应.以不同浓度的硫酸铝为诱变剂,测定蚕豆根尖细胞的有丝分裂指数、微核率和染色体畸变率.结果表明:不同浓度的硫酸铝对蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数的影响有差异;能诱发较高频率的微核率,即在一定浓度范围内,其微核率随硫酸铝处理浓度的升高而增加;硫酸铝还能诱导染色体产生多种类型的畸变,染色体畸变率随着硫酸铝处理浓度的增加而升高,随着硫酸铝浓度的进一步增加染色体畸变率却呈现下降,但均明显高于对照组.     

Polymerisation of gluten proteins in developing wheat grain as affected by desiccation

The breadmaking quality of wheat is affected by the composition of gluten proteins and the polymerisation of subunits that are synthesised and accumulated in developing wheat grain. The biological mechanisms and time course of these events during grain development are documented, but not widely confirmed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor the accumulation of gluten protein subunits and the size distribution of protein aggregates during grain development. The effect of desiccation on the polymerisation of gluten proteins and the functional properties of gluten were also studied. The results showed that the size of glutenin polymers remained consistently low until yellow ripeness (YR), while it increased during grain desiccation after YR. Hence, this polymerisation process was presumed to be initiated by desiccation. A similar polymerisation event was also observed when premature grains were dried artificially. The composition of gluten proteins, the ratios of glutenin to gliadin and high molecular weight-glutenin subunits to low molecular weight-glutenin subunits, in premature grain after artificial desiccation showed close association with the size of glutenin polymers in artificially dried grain. Functional properties of gluten in these samples were also associated with polymer size after artificial desiccation.     

硫酸铝改良剂对苏打盐碱土磷素吸附特性的影响

通过模拟盆栽改良试验和吸附试验,研究了施用硫酸铝改良剂后对土壤中磷的吸附特性的影响。结果表明:各处理土壤磷的等温吸附曲线与Freundlich、Langmuir和Temkin方程都比较吻合,但与Langmuir方程的吻合程度最好,其相关程度达极显著水平。根据Langmuir方程,将C/x/m对C作图,发现在施磷条件下,得到的是具有1个折点的直线,表明随着磷平衡浓度的不同,土壤对磷的吸附存在着2个不同能量水平的吸附点位。硫酸铝的用量越多,吸附磷量也越高。因此,应控制改良剂的用量,以0.3%为最好。     

猪组织中硫酸头孢喹肟含量测定和肌注给药残留研究

建立了硫酸头孢喹肟在仔猪组织内残留的高效液相色谱分析法.色谱条件:采用C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),称取一水合高氯酸钠3.45 g溶于1 000 mL水中,加磷酸12 mL,用三乙胺调至pH3.6,将此溶液与乙腈按90∶10的比例混合作为流动相,紫外检测波长为270 nm.将头孢喹肟以20、100、500μg/kg分别添加到空白组织中,测得肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、肺脏、脂肪+皮肤组织中头孢喹肟回收率均在78%以上,平均回收率分别为81.57%、82.42%8、1.29%8、3.97%、78.80%.日内变异RSD在1.82%~6.25%之间,日间变异RSD在1.11%~6.35%之间.该方法的最低检测限为20μg/kg,在20~500μg/kg范围内时,线性关系良好.以2 mg/kg的剂量肌肉注射2.5%头孢喹肟注射液,连续用药5 d,于最后1次给药后测定不同组织中头孢喹肟的浓度.结果表明,停药后各组织中头孢喹肟浓度逐渐下降;最后一次注射后的第4 d,肺脏、脂肪+皮肤中已经检测不到头孢喹肟;最后一次注射后的第5天,所有组织均检测不到头孢喹肟.建议休药期为3 d.