Differential response of zucchini varieties to low storage temperature

Several parameters related to cold damage in zucchini have been measured in fruits from different varieties cultivated in the province of Almería (south-eastern Spain). The purpose of this work is to correlate physiological parameters with commercial quality and chilling damage, in order to establish reliable criteria for selecting varieties having better genetic adaptation to low-temperature storage. The results show that, for varieties harvested during February, the variety Natura was the best adapted to storage at 4 °C, as its fruits suffered less from chilling injuries, had a lower weight loss, and the levels of metabolites malonyldialdehyde and H₂O₂ were not as high as in the other varieties. Genetic variation was detected for some of the parameters analysed. The positive correlation among the levels of MDA, H₂O_2, and chilling injury, as well as the negative correlation among catalase and chilling injury, makes these parameters good indicators of chilling damage in our system.     

琯溪蜜柚CmPME1的克隆及其在果实发育过程中的表达分析

利用RT-PCR技术从‘琯溪蜜柚’中克隆得到1条PME（pectinmethylesterase）基因的ORF序列,命名为CmPME1。该序列编码一个含有582个氨基酸的蛋白质,分子量63.37 ku,该蛋白属于稳定的碱性亲水性蛋白。同源性分析表明：其编码的氨基酸序列与可可树（Theobroma cacao）、毛果杨（Populus trichocarpa）的同源性分别为76％、74％,与甜橙的氨基酸序列同源性高达99％。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,随着果实的发育,CmPME1的表达量逐渐升高,在花后170 d达到最高,然后逐渐降低,远中柱汁胞CmPME1的表达量高于近中柱。     

硫化氢促进缺磷条件下水稻根系细胞壁磷的再利用

在缺磷条件下,外源添加10 nmol/L H_2S供体Na HS可以显著提高水稻体内的有效磷含量。进一步研究发现,H_2S主要通过提高水稻根系细胞壁中的果胶含量和果胶甲酯酶的活性来增加水稻细胞壁磷的释放,从而确保水稻在缺磷条件下的存活。添加H_2S的清除剂亚牛磺酸后进一步验证了H_2S对水稻根系细胞壁磷再利用的调控作用。同时,测定3个负责水稻体内磷转运的磷转运子基因的表达,结果显示H_2S主要通过上调磷转运子OsPT6和OsPT8基因的表达来提高水稻体内磷从根部往地上部的转运。     

红豇豆根缘细胞对铝胁迫的响应

以红豇豆(Vigna.ungniculata.ssp.sesquipedalis.cv.chuangfeng)为材料,采用悬空气培法,研究红豇豆根缘细胞产生的数目、活性及对铝胁迫的响应。结果表明,红豇豆的边缘细胞数目先随着根的伸长而迅速增加,到根长为10mm时达到最多,约为5300个;随后,边缘细胞数目稍有减少,且较为稳定。边缘细胞的存活率较高,都大于85%,随着红豇豆根长的伸长,边缘细胞的活性逐渐增高。根冠果胶甲基酯酶(PME)的活性随着根的伸长而减小,表明边缘细胞游离与根冠PME活性有着密切的相关性。离体边缘细胞的存活率随着Al3+处理浓度和处理时间的增加而降低。不同浓度Al3+液处理对相同根长红豇豆的根冠PME酶活性没有显著的影响。     

黄瓜根边缘细胞生物学特性及其对铝的响应

 以黄瓜为试验材料, 研究了黄瓜根边缘细胞的生物学特性及其对铝毒的响应。试验结果表明,在黄瓜种子萌发过程中, 根边缘细胞有很高的活性。当根长度在25 mm, 根边缘细胞数目达到最高值5 480个, 根伸长到10 mm时, PME (果胶甲基酯酶) 相对活性达到最高值, 然后随着根的伸长, PME相对活性逐渐下降。在铝处理的条件下, 黄瓜根长及边缘细胞的存活率会随着铝液浓度的升高依次递减, 说明铝毒对根的发育有明显的抑制作用及危害, 而根冠的PME活性却有所提高, 说明了PME与植物铝毒胁迫之间存在着相关性。铝毒条件下边缘细胞PME活性的提高, 使细胞壁的果胶去甲基化, 增加了Al³⁺的结合位点, 从而避免铝更多地进入细胞内, 造成对植物的毒害。     

不同状态绿豆根边缘细胞对Cd2+的响应

以绿豆(Phaseolus radiatus)为材料,采用琼脂悬空培养法和培养皿滤纸培养法,以不同浓度的Cd2+处理洗脱根边缘细胞和未洗脱根边缘细胞的绿豆根尖,研究了离体状态和活体状态绿豆根边缘细胞对镉毒的响应.结果表明:在Cd2+的诱导下,离体状态的绿豆根边缘细胞凋亡和分泌黏液,同时随着Cd2+浓度的升高,其存活率逐渐递减;Cd2+具有诱导根尖产生根边缘细胞的作用,根尖释放的根边缘细胞数量随着Cd2+浓度的增加先增多后减少,其中,50 μmol L-1 Cd2+处理在洗脱组和未洗脱组均呈现最大诱导效应;Cd2+对根边缘细胞的活性具有影响,随着Cd2+浓度的增加,根边缘细胞的存活率在未洗脱组逐渐降低,而洗脱组则先升高后降低.与对照相比,25 μmol L-1,200 μmol L-1,400 μmol L-1 Cd2+在各处理时间段具有显著性差异(p＜0.05);根冠果胶甲基酯酶活性(PME)随着Cd2+浓度的增加呈现上升趋势,处理24 h高浓度Cd2+均会引起根冠PME活性的显著性升高(p＜0.05).以上结果表明,受到Cd2+胁迫时,绿豆根尖可释放更多根边缘细胞,并通过离体根边缘细胞形成黏液层、凋亡等来抵御Cd2+对根尖的毒害作用.     

不同采收季莲藕中果胶甲酯酶对质构的影响

研究了在不同采收季节莲藕中果胶甲酯酶活性的变化,探讨了果胶甲酯酶活性与莲藕硬度和水溶性果胶酯化度的关系。试验结果表明,莲藕硬度与果胶甲酯酶活性呈正相关,酯化度与果胶甲酯酶活性呈负相关：莲藕在采收时间9-11月,果胶甲酯酶活性较高,故硬度比翌年1月高;酯化度比翌年1月低。     

猕猴桃果实中PME,PG及其抑制因子的研究（综述）

本文综述了猕猴桃中的ＰＭＥ,ＰＧ在果实软化中的作用,分离提纯,性质和活力测定方法,以及这两种酶的抑制因子等方面的研究进展。ＰＭＥ与猕猴桃果实的软化无直接关系,可能是通过为ＰＧ准备作用底物而起间接的促进软化的作用。     

Expression of an Antisense BcMF3 Affects Microsporogenesis and Pollen Tube Growth in Arabidopsis

In an effort to provide some information relevant to the molecular mechanism of genic male sterility in plants, BcMF3 gene that encodes a pectin methylesterase was isolated from the fertile B line of Chinese cabbage-pak-choi （Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis, syn. B. campestris ssp. chinensis）. In the present paper, a 455-bp antisense cDNA fragment of BcMF3 was introduced to binary vector pB1121, and then was mobilized into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404. The A. tumefaciens harboring the BcMF3 antisense fragment was transformed to Arabidopsis thaliana by floral dip. Scanning electronic microscopy examination demonstrated that 47.8% of BcMF3 antisense pollen grains exhibited abnormal shape, which might lead to decreased germination of pollens, suggesting that the product of BcMF3 gene plays an important role during microsporogenesis. The evidence on burst of 45.7% of BcMF3 antisense pollen tubes in vitro and a majority of BcMF3 antisense pollens restricted within the stigmatic tissue revealed that BcMF3 is involved in aiding the growth of pollen tubes. The results suggest that BcMF3 acts at both stages of microsporogensis and pollen tube growth.