中国春蜓新种新记录种(蜻蜓目:春蜓科)

本文记述中国春蜒科6新种,1新亚种和1中国新记录种,各种均有特征图,并与近似种作了比较。模式标本保存在浙江自然博物馆昆虫标本室。     

云南苍山洱海自然保护区蜻蜓目昆虫区系分析

为明确苍山洱海自然保护区蜻蜓目昆虫的区系特征,在实地调查和查阅资料的基础上,对保护区蜻蜓目昆虫区系进行了分析。研究结果表明,保护区共有蜻蜓目昆虫14科、65种,保护区蜻蜓目昆虫东洋区特征极显著,隶属东洋区的有43种、东洋-古北共有种15种、古北区2种、东洋-古北-澳洲2种,东洋-古北-新北、东洋-古北-非洲、东洋-古北-新北-澳洲各1种。在中国动物区系中,该65种蜻蜓目昆虫在西南区均有分布,但华北、华中、华南和西南区共有种也达15种,表明4区关系密切。     

福建伪蜻科分类及新记录(昆虫纲:蜻蜓目)

记述福建伪蜻9种。沙天马大伪蜻(Macromia septima Martin)为中国新记录种,弯钩大伪蜻(Macromia unca Wilson)、黄斑大伪蜻(Macromia flavocolorata Fraser)为福建新记录种,杭州山蜻蜓(Macromidia hangzhouensis Zhou et Wei)为克氏中伪蜻(Macromidia kelloggi Asahina)的异名。     

广东象头山国家级自然保护区蜻蜓目昆虫区系地理研究

2017 年 3 月至 2019 年 12 月对象头山国家级自然保护区蜻蜓目昆虫进行了持续调查,鉴定和统计到 122 种蜻蜓,隶属于 14 科 74 属,蜻科种类最多,有 33 种,其次为春蜓科,有 28 种,优势种为华艳色蟌 Neurobasis chinensis、胭翅绿色蟌 Mnais mneme、并纹小叶春蜓 Gomphidia kruegeri、海南亚春蜓 Asiagomphus hainanensis、笛尾弓蜻 Macromia calliope、黑尾灰蜻 Orthetrum glaucum、黄蜻 Pantala flavescens、庆褐蜻 rithemis festiva 等。在世界动物地理区系类型方面,东洋界种类较多,有 92 种,占总数的 75.41%;东洋界 – 古北界类型的种类相对较少,只有 28 种,约占总数的 22.95%,广布种有 2 种;中国动物区系地理方面,有 10 种分布型组合,华南区的种类最多,有 50 种,占 40.98%;跨西南区的有 13 种,占 10.66%,跨华中区的有 19 种,占 15.77%;跨西南区、华中区、华北区的种类也较多,有 20种,占 16.39%。蜻蜓目昆虫区系分析结果与象头山自然保护区所处地理位置相一致。     

蜻蜓目的3种食用种类与营养价值

蜻蜓是分布广泛的昆虫 ,部分种类的稚虫可以食用。调查和研究成果表明 :在云南省的许多地方都有食用蜻蜓稚虫的习俗 ,常见的食用种类有红蜻、角突箭蜓、舟尾丝等 3种 ,其中含有蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸、矿质元素等营养成分。它们的蛋白含量平均为 58.92 % ,脂肪含量平均为2 5.3 7% ,氨基酸含量平均为 4 6.0 3 % ,人体必需氨基酸含量平均为 16.4 1% ,占氨基酸总量的3 5.69% ,3种蜻蜓稚虫 K、Zn、Ca、Fe的平均含量分别为 2 960、12 5.4、2 616.6、796.2 mg· kg-1。由此可见 ,蜻蜓稚虫是营养丰富的食用昆虫资源     

Ecological and genetic measurements of dispersal in a threatened dragonfly

Leucorrhinia caudalis is a rare dragonfly, threatened throughout its European distribution. The species was formerly widespread in the Swiss lowlands, but only a single population remained in the 1980s. However, a spread has recently been observed, with additional ponds being colonised, sometimes at considerable distance. Despite this evidence of recent long-distance dispersal, it is unknown whether L. caudalis regularly moves among ponds or whether this is a rather rare event. A combination of an ecological mark-resight and a population genetic study was applied to investigate contemporary dispersal and the genetic footprint of the recent population history of L. caudalis in Switzerland. DNA for genetic microsatellite analysis was extracted from exuviae. The mark-resight study and the genetic analysis gave congruent results. They showed that L. caudalis is mostly a sedentary species, with only a few contemporary dispersal events over distances up to 5 km being observed. The genetic analysis was in agreement with the recent population history of the Swiss populations. The oldest and largest population showed large genetic diversity and acted as source population for the recent spread of L. caudalis in Switzerland. Recurrent gene flow among this source population and close populations caused substantial local genetic variation in the latter, as well as low population differentiation. The two recently founded distant populations (?30 km distance) were genetically less diverse and highly differentiated. These distant populations and another recently colonised population also expressed signatures of genetic bottlenecks.     

宁夏的蜻蜓目昆虫资源

根据近些年对宁夏蜻蜓目昆虫资源的调查,并结合文献资料,现知在宁夏境内分布的蜻蜓目昆虫有7科20属共计38种。调查中发现宁夏新记录种6种,即红蜻Crocothemis servilia Drury、高斑蜻Libellula basilinea McLachlan、异色灰蜻Orthetrum melania Selys、Orthetrum sp.、竖眉赤蜻Sympetrum eroticum ardens McLachlan和长叶异痣Ischnura elegans(Van der Linden)。     

The Distribution of Dragonfly Larvae in a South Carolina Stream: Relationships With Sediment Type,Body Size,and the Presence of Other Larvae

Dragonfly larvae were sampled in Little Creek, Greenville, SC. The distributions of five common species were described relative to sediment type, body size, and the presence of other larvae. In total, 337 quadrats (1 m by 0.5 m) were sampled by kick seine. For each quadrat, the substrate was classified as sand, sand-cobble mix, cobble, coarse, or rock, and water depth and distance from bank were measured. Larvae were identified to species, and the lengths of the body, head, and metafemur were measured. Species were distributed differently across sediment types: sanddragons, Progomphus obscurus (Rambur) (Odonata: Gomphidae), were common in sand; twin-spotted spiketails, Cordulegaster maculata Selys (Odonata: Cordulegastridae), preferred a sand-cobble mix; Maine snaketails, Ophiogomphus mainensis Packard (Odonata: Gomphidae), preferred cobble and coarse sediments; fawn darners, Boyeria vinosa (Say) (Odonata: Aeshnidae), preferred coarse sediments; and Eastern least clubtails, Stylogomphus albistylus (Hagen) (Odonata: Gomphidae), preferred coarse and rock sediments. P. obscurus and C. maculata co-occurred more frequently than expected by chance, as did O. mainensis, B. vinosa, and S. albistylus. Mean size varied among species, and species preferences contributed to differences in mean size across sediment types. There were significant negative associations among larval size classes: small larvae (<12 mm) occurred less frequently with large larvae (>15 mm) than expected by chance, and large larvae were alone in quadrats more frequently than other size classes. Species may select habitats at a large scale based on sediment type and their functional morphology, but small scale distributions are consistent with competitive displacement or intraguild predation.     

Reserve selection using Red Listed taxa in three global biodiversity hotspots: Dragonflies in South Africa

The Red List can be used a gauging tool by conservationists to assess which species require focused conservation attention. Mapping the relative distributions of species, and identification of centers of richness, endemism and threat are a first step towards site-oriented conservation action. We use here a specially developed biodiversity index, based on three weighted sub-components assigned to each species: geographical distribution, Red List status, and sensitivity to habitat change. We test this approach using what is called here the Dragonfly Biotic Index (DBI) to prioritize sites for conservation action, with special emphasis on species occurrence in three global hotspots in southern Africa. Using a selected set of the 23 top prioritized sites, we compare the DBI’s performance to that of a rarity-complementarity algorithm. As with several other taxa, local endemism levels are highest in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), while richness is highest in the north east, particularly in the stream systems of the Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany (MPA) hotspot. Red Listed Odonata species are also concentrated in the CFR, while richness is highest in the MPA hotspot. Site prioritization using the DBI reveals that CFR sites protect Red Listed taxa rather well, despite the fact that catchments are only partially protected. The DBI demonstrates high levels of redundancy in representing Red Listed species, in other words, the same species are represented in several catchments. The value in the DBI thus lies in maximizing redundancy (i.e. representation) of globally Red Listed species. The rarity-complementarity algorithm represents all species, but without greater emphasis on the rare and threatened (i.e. Red Listed) species. We conclude that the DBI is of great value in selecting biodiversity hotspots, while the algorithm is useful for selecting complementarity hotspots. We identify protection gaps and thus recommend continued searches in centers of endemism and existing reserves, as well as gap areas. These searches will hone Red List assessments and identify priority sites, as well as monitor already-identified sites for changes in quality of habitat.     

基于CO II全基因的差翅亚目昆虫分子系统学研究

[目的]对基于CO Ⅱ全基因的差翅亚目昆虫的分子系统学进行研究。[方法]设计蜻蜓目昆虫CO Ⅱ全基因的非特异性引物,获得差翅亚目5科6属8种共8条CO Ⅱ全序列。采用CluxtalX1.8、ContigExpress、MEGA2.1、PHYLIP3.6a以及MrBayes V3.0等生物学软件及简约法和最大似然法对其进行分析并构建分子系统树。[结果]CO Ⅱ的A＋T含量较低（68.6%）,说明蜻蜓目是一比较原始的类群;每条序列均含有2个半胱氨酸,这一点有别于其他类群昆虫;不支持将大蜻亚科上升为科的观点;支持将大蜓科和蜓科归入蜓总科,而将春蜓科上升为总科的观点;差翅亚目5科之间的进化关系由慢到快依次为：春蜓科→大蜓科→蜓科→伪蜻科→蜻科。[结论]为蜻蜓目分子系统学研究提供相关依据。