Distribution of total and extractable forms of iron,manganese, and aluminum in development of rice soils of saga polder lands

The distribution of pedogenic oxides of Fe, Mn, and Al was described for rice soils of Saga polder lands and its relationship to soil development with time was investigated. The distribution of Mn largely parallelled that of Fe and in response to the soil development their accumulation occurred in the B horizons of the profiles. Manganese was the clement most susceptible to downward movement, which lad to a pronounced lowering of extractable Mn content in the surface horizons in well-developed soil morphology. By contrast, this is not the case for Al which, in general, had little change in extractable Al and a slight increase in total Al with depth as the time increased. Apparently the distribution of Mn was largely governed by the extent of reduction processes, whereas in the Al distribution clay migration may be a principal controlling factor. The distribution of Fe may be due chiefly to the reduction processes, with some contribution from the clay migration.     

1株产纤维素酶嗜盐放线菌的鉴定、发酵优化及酶学性质的研究

从内蒙古腾格里沙漠红盐湖泥样中分离到一株高产纤维素酶菌株,根据菌株形态特征及分子生物学鉴定,确定为拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis sp.),命名为Nocardiopsis sp.DN-A4.采用单因素筛选和正交试验方法优化产纤维素酶的发酵条件,结果表明最适产酶条件:低粘度CMC 4％ (w/v),明胶0.05 g/100 mL,pH=7.0,NaCl3 g/100 mL,接种量60mL/100mL,装液量80mL/250mL,优化后纤维素酶活力达到1.25 U/mL.部分酶学性质研究表明,酶反应最适温度55℃,pH=7.0,NaCl 0 g/100 mL,该酶具有较强的热、pH及盐度的稳定性,酶反应55℃保温8h,pH=6.0～10.0保温6h,NaCl(0～25) g/100mL保温12 h,酶活力仍保持在80％以上.     

拟诺卡氏菌次级代谢产物的研究

[目的]研究拟诺卡氏菌次级代谢产物的化学成分。[方法]应用多种色谱方法进行分离和纯化,并用NMR和MS等方法解析其结构。[结果]得到4个单体化合物,其结构分别鉴定为白鲜碱、6-羟基-4-（4-羟苯基）-7-甲氧基香豆素、4-异丙基苯甲酸、β-吲哚甲酸。[结论]所有化合物均为首次从该菌中分离得到。     

Genus Nocardiopsis: A Prolific Producer of Natural Products

Actinomycetes are currently one of the major sources of bioactive secondary metabolites used for medicine development. Accumulating evidence has shown that Nocardiopsis, a key class of actinomycetes, has the ability to produce novel bioactive natural products. This review covers the sources, distribution, bioactivities, biosynthesis, and structural characteristics of compounds isolated from Nocardiopsis in the period between March 2018 and 2021. Our results reveal that 67% of Nocardiopsis-derived natural products are reported for the first time, and 73% of them are isolated from marine Nocardiopsis. The chemical structures of the Nocardiopsis-derived compounds have diverse skeletons, concentrating on the categories of polyketides, peptides, terphenyls, and alkaloids. Almost 50% of the natural products isolated from Nocardiopsis have been discovered to display various bioactivities. These results fully demonstrate the great potential of the genus Nocardiopsis to produce novel bioactive secondary metabolites that may serve as a structural foundation for the development of novel drugs.     

拟诺卡氏菌骨架对凡纳滨对虾生长及免疫功能的影响

将研究室分离纯化的卢森坦拟诺卡氏菌扩大培养,发酵液经过超声波破碎、离心、胰蛋白酶酶解、脱脂、冷冻干燥,得到白色细胞壁骨架。在基础饲料中添加0.1%和0.2%的拟诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架,饲喂凡纳滨对虾幼虾[体质量(4.21±1.28) g],养殖周期为4周,测定各处理组对虾体质量,统计各组存活率,使用南京建成试剂盒测定对虾血淋巴和肝胰腺组织中的一氧化氮合酶、超氧化物歧化酶、酚氧化酶、溶菌酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性及丙二醛的含量,佛波豆蔻酸乙酯法检测对虾血淋巴中呼吸爆发活性,采用副溶血弧菌对剩余对虾进行攻毒,统计对虾死亡率。试验结果显示,拟诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架能够明显促进凡纳滨对虾的生长,显著提高对虾血淋巴和肝胰腺中的超氧化物歧化酶、一氧化氮合酶、酚氧化酶、溶菌酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性( P <0.05, P <0.01),显著降低丙二醛浓度( P < 0.01 ),显著增强对虾血淋巴的呼吸爆发活性( P <0.05, P <0.01),可提高对虾的免疫保护率,从而提高凡纳滨对虾的存活率。研究结果表明,拟诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架的适宜添加量为0.1%。