乌龙岭龙眼果皮的PPO特性及活性抑制

为探明乌龙岭龙眼贮藏保鲜过程中的褐变问题,以C6H6O2为底物,采用分光光度法研究了底物浓度对龙眼果皮PPO活性的影响规律.采用正交试验方案,分析了不同抑制剂、pH值和温度对乌龙岭龙眼果皮PPO活性的影响.结果表明,龙眼果皮褐变反应的动力学符合米氏方程,米氏常数为0.054 mol.L-1,最大反应速度为1.428×102U.m in-1.适宜的抑制剂可有效延缓龙眼果皮的褐变,保持龙眼质量.在相同条件下,Na2S2O3抑制效果最好.此外,还对影响龙眼果皮PPO活性的因素进行了优化.     

Acaricidal Activity of Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa Against Panonychus citri

Acaricidal activity of Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa against Panonychus cirri was tested in the laboratory. Four solvents were used to prepare crude extracts, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, among which ethanol was the most effective one. The results suggested that ethanol extracts of B. sessilicarpa had eminent acaricidal and ovicidal activities. Concentrated extracts were prepared using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, or distilled water as solvent. Mite mortality rates in the concentrated extracts by petroleum ether, chloroform, or distilled water were significantly lower than those by ethyl acetate. The LC50 values of eggs and female mites were 0.7639 and 1.1033 mg mL^-1, respectively. After liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography, the concentrated extracts were separated into 14 groups of fractions and further tests for their acaricidal and ovicidal activities were conducted. Fraction 2 was found to possess higher acaricidal and ovicidal activities. The mortality of eggs and adult mites were 85.83 and 63.07%, respectively. Moreover, fraction 2 showed moderate oviposition inhibition effect （0.8795） against P. citri when the used dose was higher than 2.5 mg mL^-1     

高浓度CO2对冬小麦旗叶和穗部氮吸收的影响

利用农田开放式CO2浓度升高(Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment,FACE)试验平台,以强筋小麦中麦175为供试材料,研究高浓度CO2和不同施氮量对冬小麦旗叶和穗部含N量、氮吸收量和旗叶硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)的影响。CO2浓度处理设对照(Ambient,CO2415±16μL·L-1)和高浓度(FACE,CO2550±17μL.L-1)两个水平;施N处理设常规施氮(NN,底肥含N 118kg·hm-2+追肥含N 70kg·hm-2)和低氮(LN,底肥含N 66kg·hm-2+追肥含N 17kg·hm-2)两个水平。结果表明,在乳熟期,不考虑氮肥的影响,CO2浓度升高使穗部N含量和氮吸收量分别增加7.59%和16.3%,说明CO2浓度升高加大了穗部对氮素的需求;不考虑各生育期的差异,CO2浓度升高导致冬小麦旗叶N含量下降10.98%;同时使旗叶硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)降低22.24%。说明CO2浓度升高抑制了NO3-的还原,导致旗叶含N量降低,高浓度CO2可能影响以NO3-为主要氮源的植物生长。与低氮处理相比,常规施氮处理没有显著增加小麦吸氮量和硝酸还原酶活性。因此,为了满足高CO2条件下,穗部对氮素的更多需求,不能单一增加施氮量,而需要合理配施NH4+肥,以环境友好的形式提高小麦产量。     

滨海盐碱地刺槐白蜡混交林土壤酶与养分相关性研究

研究了刺槐、绒毛白蜡纯林及其混交林中不同土层在不同季节的土壤养分含量、土壤酶活性的变化。结果表明：各林分间的土壤养分含量和土壤酶活性在各个季节和土层均表现出差异。经统计分析．土壤酶活性和土壤养分含量在不同季节呈显著相关关系。土壤酶活性和土壤养分含量在土层中的分布有一定的规律性,总的来说,随着土层逐渐加深,土壤酶活性逐渐减弱,土壤养分含量逐渐下降。混交林中各土层的pH值和含盐量都低于纯林相应值,并且在树木生长、土壤养分和土壤酶活性上．混交林优于纯林。