电子时代的医学图书馆馆员和循证医学

 

简要阐述了循证医学的概念及其基本特点，探讨了电子时代循证医学对于医学图书馆员的要

求，同时提出了电子时代医学图书馆员应该具备的知识和技能。

     

谈复合型网络信息咨询人才的培养

本文就网络信息咨询的定义，分析了网络信息咨询需要复合型人才的原因，并着重对复合型网络信息咨询人才的素质要求及复合型网络信息咨询人才的培养进行了探讨。     

Simple diagnosis using ethanol immersion of strawberry plants with latent infection by Colletotrichum acutatum, Dendrophoma obscurans, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae

Simple diagnosis by ethanol immersion (SDEI) to detect Glomerella cingulata was used to detect three other fungi that also cause latent infection of strawberry plants. Signs on strawberry leaves with asymptomatic latent infection by Colletotrichum acutatum became visible using SDEI. Salmon-pink conidial masses were produced in the acervuli on the treated leaves 5 days after incubation at 28°C. In the case of Dendrophoma obscurans, pycnidia with amber conidial masses formed 5 days after incubation at 28°C. The pycnidia were observed mainly on the ribs, and conidial masses exuded from the ostiole. These macroscopic conidial masses were similar to those of G. cingulata and C. acutatum. When water was dripped onto a lesion caused by D. obscurans, the pycnidia exuded white filamentous conidial masses, making the distinction of D. obscurans from G. cingulata or C. acutatum. On petioles with latent infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, white aerial hyphae grew out from the vascular tissues on the cut surface 3 days after incubation at 28°C and were easily observed by eye or with a loupe. Thus, SDEI was also useful for diagnosing latent infection of strawberry plants by C. acutatum, D. obscurans, and F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae.     

Trichoderma Biocontrol of Colletotrichum acutatum and Botrytis cinerea and Survival in Strawberry

Trichoderma isolates are known for their ability to control plant pathogens. It has been shown that various isolates of Trichoderma, including T. harzianum isolate T-39 from the commercial biological control product TRICHODEX, were effective in controlling anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) and grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in strawberry, under controlled and greenhouse conditions. Three selected Trichoderma strains, namely T-39, T-161 and T-166, were evaluated in large-scale experiments using different timing application and dosage rates for reduction of strawberry anthracnose and grey mould. All possible combinations of single, double or triple mixtures of Trichoderma strains, applied at 0.4% and 0.8% concentrations, and at 7 or 10 day intervals, resulted in reduction of anthracnose severity; the higher concentration (0.8%) was superior in control whether used with single isolates or as a result of combined application of two isolates, each at 0.4%. Only a few treatments resulted in significant control of grey mould. Isolates T-39 applied at 0.4% at 2 day intervals, T-166 at 0.4%, or T-161 combined with T-39 at 0.4% were as effective as the chemical fungicide fenhexamide. The survival dynamics of populations of the Trichoderma isolates (T-39, T-105, T-161 and T-166) applied separately was determined by dilution plating and isolates in the mixtures calculated according to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using repeat motif primers. The biocontrol isolates were identified to the respective species T. harzianum (T-39), T. hamatum (T-105), T. atroviride (T-161) and T. longibrachiatum (T-166), according to internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis.     

"CALIS重点学科导航库"与"方略-学科导航库"的比较分析

本文通过对数据库内容比较、检索功能比较、数据使用方式比较以及可持续发展比较.可得出"CALIS重点学科导航库"与"方略-学科导航库"是各有千秋,各有自己的特点,为我们建设学科导航数据库提供了新的思路.     

网络信息资源的特点及开发利用

本文论述了网络信息资源的概念及特点,提出了网络信息资源的开发利用原则及对策、方法.     

基于无线传感器网络的农田信息管理系统的研究

为满足农产品优质高产的需求,提出了基于无线传感器网络的农田信息管理系统,着重分析了该系统的基本功能,建立应用系统体系结构和网络系统体系结构,实现系统的能量控制和安全性设计。该系统能够在实际生产过程中减少人力操作和人工测量的误差,降低农业生产成本,并可以最大程度地实现农业生产的自动化操作,为实现农产品的优质高产提供了一种有效的方法和手段,具有重要的现实意义。     

灌水次数对强筋小麦品种产量及品质的效应研究

[目的]探讨不同灌溉次数对小麦子粒产量、子粒营养品质和子粒加工品质的影响。[方法]采用两因素裂区试验设计,主区为灌水次数（3个水平）,副区为品种（2个水平）．共6个处理,重复3次。灌水次数为：W0全生育期不浇水;W1全生育期浇1水（拔节水）;W2全生育期浇2水（拔节水＋开花水）。小麦品种分别为郑麦7698和新麦26。[结果]灌水次数对强筋小麦品种产量的影响不尽相同,但总体趋势基本一致,即随灌水次数的增加,产量水平逐渐增加,并达显著差异水平。郑麦7698产量W1和W2极显著高于W0,且W1高于W2,但差异不显著。新麦26产量W2极显著高于W1和W0,W1和W0之间无显著差异。灌水次数对不同品种蛋白质舍量的影响不同;新麦26的蛋白质含量各灌水处理间无显著差异;郑麦7698蛋白质含量随灌水次数的增加呈逐渐升高的趋势,W2高于W1、W0,并达极显著差异水平,W1又高于W0,但没有达到显著差异。随着灌水次数的增加,湿面筋含量呈逐渐降低的趋势。郑麦7698湿面筋含量W0和W1极显著高于W2,W0和W1间无显著差异;新麦26湿面筋含量各灌水处理间无显著差异。稳定时间表现,郑麦7698的W2显著高于W0和W1,W0和W1间无显著差异;新麦26的W0显著高于W1和W2,W1和W2之间无显著差异。[结论]该研究可为我国黄淮麦区小麦的高产、优质、高效生产提供理论科学依据。     

湖龙井茶香气成分的全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱分析

【目的】香气是评价茶叶品质优劣的最重要因子之一,探明茶叶香气的化学组成可进一步丰富茶叶香气化学理论,为改善和提高茶叶香气品质提供重要的科学理论依据。【方法】采用全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术（GC×GC-TOFMS）与气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）分析西湖龙井茶的香气成分,比较两种分析技术在分离性能上的差异性;结合质谱数据库匹配、化合物保留时间、结构谱图及峰面积等对通过GC×GC-TOFMS分离得到的香气成分进行定性及相对定量分析;进而结合相对高含量化合物（≥0.5%）的气味特征分析西湖龙井茶的特征性香气成分。【结果】通过与GC-MS的总离子流图及色谱峰对比,GC×GC-TOFMS在分离性能上显示出了强大的优越性;定性分析及相对定量分析表明,采用GC×GC-TOFMS技术鉴定出西湖龙井茶样品中存在的522种共性香气成分,归为烯醇、烯、胺、烷烃、醛、烯醛、醚、醇、酯、内酯、烯酯、烯酮、酮、酚、酸、含硫化合物、氮杂环化合物、氧杂环化合物、芳香烃及炔等20类化合物,其中芳香烃的数量最多（77个）,烷烃（50个）、烯（43个）、酯（43个）、酮（41个）次之,炔类最少（3个）;戊烯-3-醇、顺-3-己烯醇、芳樟醇、α-松油醇、香叶醇、丁烷、甲基环戊烷、2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷、十二烷、二十一烷、二十四烷、三十一烷、乙醛、戊醛、己醛、糠醛、庚醛、苯乙醛、壬醛、乙丙醚、2-乙氧基丁烷、乙基丁基醚、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷、戊基乙基醚、正戊醇、叔丁醇、苄醇、苯乙醇、植醇、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、酞酸二丁酯、乙基-2-(5-甲基-5-乙烯基四氢呋喃-2-烯)丙基-2-烯碳酸酯、顺-己酸-3-己烯酯、棕榈酸甲酯、乙偶姻、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、异戊酸、壬酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、二甲基亚砜、苯并噻唑、吲哚、咖啡碱、芳樟醇氧化物（吡喃型）、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、乙苯、丙苯及1-甲基萘这50种挥发性化合物的含量较高（≥0.5%）,对西湖龙井茶的香气品质具有重要影响。特征性香气成分分析表明,具有愉悦气味特征的烯醇、醛、醇、酯及芳香烃等化合物是西湖龙井茶优异香气品质的主要化学物质基础,而无特殊气味或散发难闻气息的烷烃、醚类、酸类、硫化物以及部分低阈值的香气化合物对西湖龙井茶香气品质的贡献程度也具有一定的研究价值。【结论】该技术在茶叶香气成分分析上的成功应用,可以弥补一维气相色谱分析上的缺陷,使可分析的香气化合物数量提高5倍以上,为后续深入研究茶叶香气成分的化学组成以及揭示茶叶香气品质的形成机理提供先进的技术支撑。     

基于卷积神经网络的家蚕病害识别研究

病害是我国养蚕业健康发展面临的主要威胁之一,为研究机械化养蚕模式下的家蚕病害防治方法,采用卷积神经网络进行家蚕病害图像的识别研究。首先在实际环境下,采用饲养和添食病原的方法,集中获取家蚕品种芳·秀×白·春在大蚕期的部分生长阶段下患脓病、微粒子病、白僵病、细菌病、农药中毒以及健康状态的样本,并开展图像采集工作,构建出家蚕病害图像数据集。其次采用特征融合和缩减结构的方法,对残差神经网络进行部分改进,以避免直接使用该算法会导致不必要的计算耗损。最后进行家蚕病害识别试验。结果表明:卷积神经网络能够高效准确识别家蚕病害图像,使用改进的算法在测试集上的准确率达到94.31%,与标准的残差神经网络准确率相当,但训练的参数量仅为原来的1/3,且识别效率大幅提升,更有利于网络的训练与部署。