撒坝猪血液蛋白多态性研究

 采用蛋白电泳技术研究撒坝猪血液蛋白多态性。共分析了撒坝猪33个遗传位点,其中AKP,CAT,ES,G₆PD,PA,PHI,TF等7个位点检测到多态性。多态位点百分比P=0.2121,平均杂合度H=0.1027.结果表明撒坝猪的血液蛋白多态程度较高,反映在蛋白质水平上的遗传多样性较为丰富。     

Hull-White利率模型仿真与债券估值

由于“中”“庸”两词语义上的模糊性，其哲学含义颇为复杂。从郑玄到二程、吕祖谦，尤其是朱熹，都对“中庸”进行了解释，现代学者对《中庸》书名的释义更是多种多样。对于《中庸》的时代以及与子思的关系问题，中国历代学者以及西方的汉学家都提出了不同的观点，至今仍然莫衷一是。     

Diets of endangered silver chub (Macrhybopsis storeriana,Kirtland, 1844) in Lake Erie and implications for recovery

Silver chub (Macrhybopsis storeriana, Kirtland, 1844) is a native Cyprinid in Lake Erie, one of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. It is listed as endangered by the US state of New York and Canada, which has a recovery plan, and as special concern by the state of Michigan. Silver chub faces a potential threat to recovery from control efforts for invasive Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Valenciennes 1844). Among the knowledge gaps for protection and restoration is current diet data. I describe the diet of silver chub from western Lake Erie in 2014, and I compare it to past studies to assess changes in diet through time. Silver chub captured in bottom trawls May–September 2014 were frozen in the field, and stomach contents were preserved in ethanol. Diet taxa were identified to the lowest practical taxonomic unit, then dried and weighed. Frequency of occurrence in silver chub diets was highest for Hexagenia spp. mayflies (79%). Dreissena spp. and Hexagenia spp. were both 41% of the diet by dry weight. Analysis of δ¹³C isotopes identified Hexagenia spp. as the primary source of carbon in silver chub. Compared to past studies, Dreissena spp. have mostly replaced Sphaeriidae and Gastropoda in silver chub diets. There also have been seasonal shifts in relative amounts of shelled organisms and Hexagenia spp. This study and past research suggest a functional link between silver chub and Hexagenia spp. abundance. Maintenance and recovery of silver chub may be dependent on maintaining Hexagenia spp. populations.     

Dietary plasticity in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in response to long‐term environmental change

Corrigan LJ, Winfield IJ, Hoelzel AR, Lucas MC. Dietary plasticity in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in response to long‐term environmental change.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2011: 20: 5–13. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract –  In the face of widespread environmental change impacts, there is a need to better understand mechanisms promoting flexibility and resilience of ecosystem components to such change to inform strategies for conservation. Glacial relict species are especially vulnerable to such changes. We investigated the behavioural responses of a native, glacial relict species, Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) to long‐term environmental changes. It was hypothesised that changes in feeding behaviour would occur as a key intermediary to reduction in habitat availability (through climate change and eutrophication) or competitive interactions [with introduced roach (Rutilus rutilus)]. Stomach content analysis was used to assess the diet of 199 charr caught from Windermere, United Kingdom, in the months of March, June, September and November 2003–2007. The results were compared to data from 1940 to 1951 prior to the environmental changes and revealed a marked increase in the contribution of benthic invertebrates in the present diet. Stable isotope analysis confirms the results of the stomach analysis, suggesting that the charr have switched their diet from zooplanktivory towards benthivory. We discuss the possibility that habitat modification and roach population expansion in Windermere have contributed to changes in charr diet. Complementary studies suggest that this diet shift is more likely to be a response to the increasing roach population than to habitat modification; however, further study in Windermere would be required to elucidate the exact mechanism. Long‐term data sets such as these provide information that is useful for determining the directivity of ecological change and the capability of species to respond to change.     

1981-2009年江苏省气候变化趋势及其对水稻产量的影响

利用江苏省1981-2009年7个农业气象站点的气象和水稻物候、产量资料,从平均气温和降水量对水稻产量影响的基本方程入手,定义了平均气温和降水量变化趋势对水稻产量趋势的贡献率,揭示江苏省近30a气候变化趋势对水稻产量的影响.结果表明,近30a来,江苏省水稻全生育期平均气温和最低气温呈上升趋势,最高气温的变化在苏南和苏北地区差异较大,尤其在开花-成熟阶段,苏南地区呈上升趋势,而苏北地区则呈相反变化趋势.气温(包括平均气温、最低气温和最高气温)与水稻产量呈正相关,1981-2009年平均气温升高对江苏省水稻产量影响的平均值约为1.2％,对产量趋势的贡献率约为30.0％.降水量的变化趋势不明显,降水量与水稻产量的相关性亦不显著,说明在研究区内降水量的变化对水稻产量的影响较小.总体上,江苏省近30a气候变化有利于水稻生产.     

泾河流域径流-泥沙的尺度效应研究

[目的]分析泾河流域径流和泥沙的尺度效应,并通过突变检测确定突变时间点,对比突变前后水沙尺度效应的变化,为气候变化和人类活动对水沙尺度效应研究提供支持。[方法]收集整理了泾河流域1958—2013年的水沙资料,基于流域水沙异源的特性,将流域分成南北两个分支,分别探讨2条分支水沙的尺度效应,并通过Mann-Kendall突变检验方法计算出突变时间点,对比突变前后尺度效应的异同。[结果](1)南北两分支的径流—泥沙之间的尺度效应具有反向关系。北支(洪德—张家山)的产流模数随面积增加表现为线性增加,南支(三关口—张家山)的产流模数随面积增加表现出对数函数关系,随集水面积增大产流模数先快速减小后缓慢减小。北支的产沙模数随面积增加表现为线性减少,南支的产沙模数随面积增加表现出幂函数关系,即随面积增大产沙模数先快速增加后缓慢增加;(2)突变后水沙都比突变前出现了不同程度的减少,突变前后水沙的尺度效应大部分具有相同的拟合函数关系式,仅南支的产沙模数由突变前的最优二项式函数拟合转变为突变后的线性函数。[结论]气候变化和人类活动的共同作用不同程度的改变了泾河流域径流—泥沙的尺度效应。     

工程车辆并行自适应神经网络自动换挡控制

为了解决工程车辆在重载作业时传动系统效率大幅下降的问题,以工程车辆"两参数"换挡规律为依据,提出一种并行自适应神经网络自动换挡控制的方法。结构上由神经网络控制、自适应神经网络模型、网络评价和运行监控模型组成。仿真结果表明,该控制方法提高了工程车辆液力机械传动系统效率,有效地克服了神经网络控制实时性差,难以在工程实际中应用的问题,实现了换挡控制的智能化。     

车辆换挡系统调压阀优化设计与试验

针对车辆换挡充油过程中离合器充油压力曲线的实际值与理想值之间存在偏差的问题,建立了包含供油单元、电磁换向阀、调压阀和离合器的换挡系统仿真模型,采用AMESim对充油过程进行仿真分析。以充油压力为优化目标,应用误差积分准则确定优化函数,通过Pareto图得到调压阀中影响充油压力的关键参数为阀口开度、弹簧预紧力和阻尼孔直径。分别采用二次拉格朗日非线性规划算法(Non-linear programming by quadratic Lagrangian,NLPQL)和遗传算法(Genetic algorithms,GA)对上述参数进行优化。对比优化后的仿真充油曲线与理想充油曲线,可知遗传算法为最优算法,并确定了调压阀的最优结构参数。根据控制变量法设计试验方案,结果表明,采用遗传算法优化后,换挡系统的稳定性在一定程度上得到提高,其充油过程更加符合理想充油过程,换挡品质得到改善。     

双离合器变速器简介

汽车变速箱发展经历了100多年,从最初采用侧链传动到手动变速箱,及至液力自动变速箱和电控机械式自动变速箱,再到现在无级自动变速箱的普遍使用,在汽车工业技术不断前进的同时,变速箱也向着更平顺、更省油、更富驾驶乐趣的方向不断发展。直至双离合自动变速箱的出现,将汽车带进了一个更加环保低碳的境界。本文通过对大众迈腾双离合器自动变速器的介绍,让人们更加充分地认识双离合器自动变速器的优越性。     

基于三参数最佳动力性换档规律的制定与仿真研究

通过对汽车自动变速器三参数最佳动力性换档规律的研究,找出最佳动力性换档规律产生循环换档的原因,提出一种改进的动态三参数最佳动力性换档规律。应用MATLAB/SIMIULINK建立的换档规律仿真模型对改进的换档规律进行仿真分析。仿真表明经改进的动态三参数最佳动力性换档规律可以减少循环换档,使汽车获得更好的行驶性能。