乙酸镁对氟烷基因杂合子育肥猪肌肉加工品质的影响

育肥猪屠宰前饲粮中短期添加乙酸镁,研究其对氟烷基因杂合子育肥猪肌肉加工品质的影响。选用体重相近的氟烷基因杂合子(HalNHaln)大长猪(大白猪×长白猪)36头随机分为2组,即对照组、乙酸镁组,每组18头。乙酸镁组在屠宰前5 d,基础日粮中添加镁1 500mg/kg(以乙酸镁形式),对照组饲喂基础日粮。试验表明:在猪屠宰前饲粮中短期添加1 500 mg/kg水平的镁对试验猪的平均日采食量没有明显影响(P>0.05);可以显著降低肌肉的滴水损失(P<0.05),提高猪肉的熟肉率,从而提高猪肉的加工品质。     

饲粮短期高剂量添加天冬氨酸镁对猪肉品质的影响

本试验研究了在基础日粮中短期添加不同水平的天冬氨酸镁对猪肉品质的影响。试验共分4个处理,每个处理6头猪。处理组镁(天冬氨酸镁)的添加水平分别为0、1 500、2 500和3 500 mg/kg。结果表明:屠宰前7 d饲粮添加天冬氨酸镁提高了猪肉品质,背最长肌肉中镁的含量分别比对照组提高了10.35%(P<0.05)、16.83%和18.61%(P<0.01),血清中镁的浓度分别比对照组增加了14.29%、27.14%和34.29%(P<0.01);显著提高了猪肉的初始pH(6.16~6.50)和最终pH(5.61~5.75)(P<0.05);对肉色评分改善显著(P<0.05);显著降低了滴水损失(P<0.05);但对猪的屠宰率、瘦肉率、背膘厚、眼肌厚度和肌肉中胶原蛋白含量等无显著影响(P>0.05)。回归分析结果表明:当镁的添加量在2 500~3 200 mg/kg时,对pH、滴水损失和肉色的改善作用达到最大,此时血清和肌肉中镁的含量约为0.90 mmol/L和241 mg/kg。     

Comparative Studies on the Stability of Various Forms of vitamin C

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Seasonal Changes of Mineral Nutrients in Fruit and Leaves of ‘Newhall’ and ‘Skagg's Bonanza’ Navel Oranges

In southern Jiangxi province of China, ‘Newhall’(Citrus sinensis Osbeck) navel orange presented a conspicuous symptom of boron (B) deficiency in mature leaves, whereas B deficiency symptoms were not manifested on ‘Skagg's Bonanza’(C. sinensis Osbeck) navel orange. In this study, changes in concentrations of B, calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were comparatively investigated in the structural parts of the fruit (rind and pulp) and leaves (old leaves from last season and spring-flush leaves from current year) of ‘Newhall’ and ‘Skagg's Bonanza’ navel orange during the growing season. Two peaks of B concentrations were observed in the rind of the two cultivars during fruitlet growth and fruit enlargement, respectively. Boron concentrations were relatively high in the rind during fruitlet growth, and then decreased in both rind and pulp, whereas, during middle and late fruit enlargement significant increases were found for B in both rind and pulp of the two cultivars. Boron concentrations in old leaves of ‘Newhall’ decreased progressively and remained relatively low, whereas that of ‘Skagg's Bonanza’ was relatively high and changed slightly as the season progresses. Both Ca and K concentrations were above the critical threshold values, while their dynamics were reverse to that of B in fruit and leaves during certain times. Old leaf Mg concentrations of samples at 140 days after full bloom from the two cultivars and spring-flush leaves from ‘Newhall’ were below the threshold limit for sufficiency. In addition, Mg in old leaves was much lower from ‘Newhall’ than from ‘Skagg's Bonanza’. Spring-flush leaf concentrations of Mn and Zn and Mn concentrations in old leaves from ‘Newhall’ were relatively lacking during middle and late season, which accelerated the occurrence of B deficiency symptoms on mature leaves of ‘Newhall.’     

钙镁对甜瓜椰糠半基质栽培的影响

为了探索椰糠半基质条件下,钙镁肥对甜瓜产量、品质的影响,确定钙镁肥施用的必要性,配制不同钙镁含量的肥料进行比较。结果显示,不同钙镁含量的肥料与不含钙镁的肥料相比,产量、品质没有差异。在土壤水溶性钙1197.1mg?kg-1,水溶性镁690.8 mg?kg-1,灌溉水钙含量68.0 mg?kg-1,镁含量22.7 mg?kg-1的条件下,能为甜瓜椰糠半基质栽培提供足够的钙镁营养。这对简化施肥设施,减轻投入成本,加速该模式在中小企业及个体种植户中推广有较大的现实意义。     

Effects of magnesium on the performance of sows and their piglets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental magnesium (Mg) on the performance of gilts and parity 3 sows and their piglets. Fifty-six gilts (Trial 1) and 56 sows (Trial 2) were assigned to one of 4 treatments according to their mating weight, respectively. The treatments comprised corn-soybean meal based gestation and lactation diets (0.21% magnesium) supplemented with 0, 0.015, 0.03, or 0.045% Mg from mating until weaning. The results showed that magnesium supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the weaning to estrus interval in both gilts and sows. There were significant effects (P < 0.05) of supplemental magnesium on the total number of piglets born, born alive and weaned in sows. In late gestation and lactation, the digestibility of crude fiber (quadratic effects, P < 0.05), and crude protein (P < 0.05), were significantly influenced by magnesium in gilts and sows, respectively. There were differences among the 4 groups in terms of the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber in sows (P < 0.05) during both early and late gestation. The apparent digestibility of gross energy was increased for sows in late gestation (P < 0.05), and lactation (quadratic effects, P < 0.05). At farrowing and weaning, serum prolactin levels and alkaline phosphate activities linearly increased in sows as the Mg supplementation increased (P < 0.05). Serum Mg of sows at farrowing and serum urea nitrogen of sows at weaning was significantly influenced by Mg supplementation (P < 0.05). The Mg concentration in sow colostrum and the serum of their piglets were increased by supplemental magnesium (P < 0.05). In addition, growth hormone levels were linearly elevated (P < 0.05) in the serum of piglets suckling sows. Our data demonstrated that supplemental magnesium has the potential to improve the reproduction performance of sows, and the suitable supplemental dose ranged from 0.015% to 0.03%.     

南方丘陵红壤茶园的镁营养

根据当前国内外茶树镁营养的研究成果 ,结合笔者在湘南和杭州的试验研究 ,对丘陵红壤茶园土壤镁含量及存在形态、茶树中镁的营养状况、茶树缺镁症、茶园施用镁肥的效果等进行了系统的分析和总结 ,并据此对丘陵红壤茶园镁肥施用技术和镁肥的开发进行了探讨     

矿区粉尘污染对玉米幼苗生理特性的影响

[目的]研究过量Mg2＋与镁粉尘污染对农作物生长发育情况的影响。[方法]通过在清洁土壤中投加不同浓度的MgCl2试剂和轻烧镁粉尘,经过27 d的培养,期间分4次测定植物生长发育情况指标。[结果]Mg2＋对叶绿素有先激活再抑制的现象,而对根系活力则表现出先抑制再激活,但是Mg2＋达到5.0 mg/g时,根系活力下降。[结论]MgO随着浓度和时间的双重作用影响植物生理活动。     

畜禽养殖废水MAP法磷回收试验研究

采用磷酸铵镁法（MAP）回收模拟畜禽养殖废水中的磷,考察了pH值、氮磷比、镁磷以及磷浓度对磷回收率的影响。结果表明,pH是影响MAP结晶沉淀反应产生的重要因素,最佳pH位于9-10;当N/P比超过1∶1,N/P比值变化对P回收率无显著影响,Mg/P对P回收率影响较为明显,适宜的Mg/P比为1∶1左右;磷浓度对磷回收率影响甚小,当磷浓度由5 mg/L增加到150mg/L时,磷回收率均处于99%以上。     

The Magnesium Status of Some Fiji Soils

Abstract

Magnesium (Mg) is an essential macronutrient element for all living organisms, but literature reports of Mg deficiency in agriculture and forestry appear regularly. In many tropical areas, Mg is added to soils by using dolomitic limestone and as minor additions through impurities in some fertilizers. Minimal information is available on the Mg status of Fiji soils, and deficiencies have been observed in some crops. This study investigated the Mg status of a range of Fiji soils and found that major agricultural soils of Fiji contain variable amounts of Mg, both in the total concentrations and in the different forms of the element present. The variations can be related to the soil parent materials, degree of weathering, clay content, and mineralogy. Low plant‐available Mg concentrations are present in many of the highly weathered soils with limited reserves present. Development of intensive agriculture should consider Mg when developing fertilizer programs.