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1.
Long‐term experiments are a classical case of repeated measurements. Traits are measured on the same experimental unit over many years so that correlations arise between the observations made on the same plot in consecutive years. This paper describes the analysis of a three‐crop‐rotation long‐term experiment. We analysed the yields of the crops and the organic carbon content in the topsoil over 30 consecutive years. Several variance–covariance approaches are discussed and the trait‐specific best fit is interpreted. Mixed models are used to describe the structure of the experiment. Both yields and soil organic carbon show a more or less pronounced variance heterogeneity. Especially for yields, the heterogeneity of cycles and years is dominant. The consideration of correlations results in a better model fit in all cases. 相似文献
2.
近年来,我国的景观植物产业得到了很大发展,但仍存在很多问题,为了解决这些问题,我们开发了景观植物信息查询系统(简称LPIIS)。LPIIS的构建包括后台数据库和管理系统2部分,以Microsoft Access开发后台景观植物数据库,实现各种零散的景观植物数据资料的数字化;采用面向对象的开发语言VB进行信息系统的界面设计和系统集成,实现了人性化的界面,操作更为方便。LPIIS的出现改变了过去景观植物信息管理的手工方式,具有可视化人性化的界面、提供多媒体信息、数据的维护和更新具有继承性、后台数据库可方便的移植于网络等特点。 相似文献
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Mouillot Florent Ratte Jean-Pierre Joffre Richard Moreno Jose Manuel Rambal Serge 《Landscape Ecology》2003,18(7):665-674
Based on recent needs to accurately understand fire regimes and post-fire vegetation resilience at a supra-level for carbon cycle studies, this article focusses on the coupled history of fire and vegetation pattern for 40 years on a fire-prone area in central Corsica (France). This area has been submitted since the beginning of the 20th century to land abandonment and the remaining land management has been largely controlled by frequent fires. Our objectives were to rebuild vegetation and fire maps in order to determine the factors which have driven the spatial and temporal distribution of fires on the area, what were the feed backs on the vegetation dynamics, and the long-term consequences of this inter-relationship. The results show a stable but high frequency of small fires, coupled with forest expansion over the study period. The results particularly illustrate the spatial distribution of fires according to topography and vegetation, leading to a strong contrast between areas never burnt and areas which have been burnt up to 7 times. Fires, when occuring, affect on average 9 to 12% of the S, SE and SW facing slopes (compared to only 2 to 5% for the N facing slopes), spread recurrently over ridge tops, affect all the vegetation types but reburn preferentially shrublands and grasslands. As these fire-proning parameters have also been shown to decrease the regeneration capacity of forests, this study highlights the needs in spatial studies (both in terms of fire spread and vegetation dynamic) to accurately apprehend vegetation dynamic and functionning in fire-prone areas.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Assessing the potential impacts of alternative landscape designs on amphibian population dynamics 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
An individual-based, spatially explicit population model was used to predict the consequences of future land-use alternatives for populations of four amphibian species in two central Iowa (midwest USA) agricultural watersheds. The model included both breeding and upland habitat and incorporated effects of climatic variation and demographic stochasticity. Data requirements of the model include life history characteristics, dispersal behavior, habitat affinities, as well as land use and landcover in geographic information systems databases. Future scenarios were ranked according to change in breeder abundance, saturation, and distribution, compared to baseline conditions. Sensitivity of simulation results to changes in model parameters was also examined. Simulated results suggest that while all four species modeled are likely to persist under present and future scenario conditions, two may be more at risk from future landscape change. Although the study species are all widespread generalists regarded as having a low conservation priority, they depend on wetlands and ponds, increasingly endangered habitats in agricultural landscapes. Broader conservation strategies in the region would ensure that these currently common organisms do not become the endangered species of the future.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Ludwig John A. Eager Robert W. Bastin Gary N. Chewings Vanessa H. Liedloff Adam C. 《Landscape Ecology》2002,17(2):157-171
The cover, number, size, shape, spatial arrangement and orientation of vegetation patches are attributes that have been used
to indicate how well landscapes function to retain, not ‘leak’, vital system resources such as rainwater and soil. We derived
and tested a directional leakiness index (DLI) for this resource retention function. We used simulated landscape maps where
resource flows over map surfaces were directional and where landscape patch attributes were known. Although DLI was most strongly
related to patch cover, it also logically related to patch number, size, shape, arrangement and orientation. If the direction
of resource flow is multi-directional, a variant of DLI, the multi-directional leakiness index (MDLI) can be used. The utility
of DLI and MDLI was demonstrated by applying these indices to three Australian savanna landscapes differing in their remotely
sensed vegetation patch attributes. These leakiness indices clearly positioned these three landscapes along a function-dysfunction
continuum, where dysfunctional landscapes are leaky (poorly retain resources).
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Key issues and research priorities in landscape ecology: An idiosyncratic synthesis 总被引:46,自引:41,他引:46
Landscape ecology has made tremendous progress in recent decades, but as a rapidly developing discipline it is faced with
new problems and challenges. To identify the key issues and research priorities in landscape ecology, a special session entitled
“Top 10 List for Landscape Ecology in the 21st Century” was organized at the 16th Annual Symposium of the US Regional Association
of International Association of Landscape Ecology, held at Arizona State University (Tempe, Arizona, USA) during April 25–29,
2001. A group of leading landscape ecologists were invited to present their views. This paper is intended to be a synthesis,
but not necessarily a consensus, of the special session. We have organized the diverse and wide-ranging perspectives into
six general key issues and 10 priority research topics. The key issues are: (1) interdisciplinarity or transdisciplinarity,
(2) integration between basic research and applications,(3) Conceptual and theoretical development, (4) education and training,
(5)international scholarly communication and collaborations, and (6) outreach and communication with the public and decision
makers. The top 10 research topics are: (1) ecological flows in landscape mosaics, (2) causes, processes, and consequences
of land use and land cover change, (3) nonlinear dynamics and landscape complexity, (4) scaling, (5) methodological development,
(6) relating landscape metrics to ecological processes, (7) integrating humans and their activities into landscape ecology,
(8) optimization of landscape pattern, (9)landscape sustainability, and (10) data acquisition and accuracy assessment. We
emphasize that, although this synthesis was based on the presentations at the“Top 10 List” session, it is not a document that
has been agreed upon by each and every participant. Rather, we believe that it is reflective of the broad-scale vision of
the collective as to where landscape ecology is now and where it may be going in future.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Landscape metrics with ecotones: pattern under uncertainty 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
10.
Characterizing historical and modern fire regimes in Michigan (USA): A landscape ecosystem approach 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Cleland David T. Crow Thomas R. Saunders Sari C. Dickmann Donald I. Maclean Ann L. Jordan James K. Watson Richard L. Sloan Alyssa M. Brosofske Kimberley D. 《Landscape Ecology》2004,19(3):311-325
We studied the relationships of landscape ecosystems to historical and contemporary fire regimes across 4.3 million hectares in northern lower Michigan (USA). Changes in fire regimes were documented by comparing historical fire rotations in different landscape ecosystems to those occurring between 1985 and 2000. Previously published data and a synthesis of the literature were used to identify six forest-replacement fire regime categories with fire rotations ranging from very short (<100 years) to very long (>1,000 years). We derived spatially-explicit estimates of the susceptibility of landscape ecosystems to fire disturbance using Landtype Association maps as initial units of investigation. Each Landtype Association polygon was assigned to a fire regime category based on associations of ecological factors known to influence fire regimes. Spatial statistics were used to interpolate fire points recorded by the General Land Office. Historical fire rotations were determined by calculating the area burned for each category of fire regime and dividing this area by fifteen (years) to estimate area burned per annum. Modern fire rotations were estimated using data on fire location and size obtained from federal and state agencies. Landtype Associations networked into fire regime categories exhibited differences in both historical and modern fire rotations. Historical rotations varied by 23-fold across all fire rotation categories, and modern forest fire rotations by 13-fold. Modern fire rotations were an order of magnitude longer than historical rotations. The magnitude of these changes has important implications for forest health and understanding of ecological processes in most of the fire rotation categories that we identified.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献