Reproductive biology of the female Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria (Stomatopoda) in relation to changes in the seasonal pattern of larval occurrence in Tokyo Bay, Japan

ABSTRACT:   The reproductive traits and the monthly larval abundance of the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria were investigated in Tokyo Bay, Japan, in 2002. The goal of the study was to elucidate the cause of changes in the monthly pattern of larval abundance from the 1980s to the 1990s as these changes relate to variation in the stock size of the adult shrimp. Oogenesis was divided into 10 stages by histological observation. The developmental stage of oocytes in an individual's ovary was synchronous, suggesting that almost all the oocytes in an ovary are spawned at the same time. The size at first maturity was estimated to be 7 ≤ body length ( BL ) < 8 cm. Fecundity was expressed as a function of BL , ranging from 19 300 eggs for 8 cm BL to 92 100 eggs for 14 cm BL . Small female shrimps (<10 cm BL ) spawned around August. Most large female shrimps (≥10 cm BL ) spawned around May, and some large female shrimps also spawned until September. Although most large female shrimps spawned in spring, the larval abundance was low before July and high from August onwards. The results suggest that a substantial decrease in the stock size of large individuals causes the low larval abundance before July.     

亚龙湾海域生态旅游及环境保护

从地理位置、水质及沉积物、红树林、珊瑚礁海岸等方面介绍亚龙湾生态自然环境特点，分析其生态旅游发展现状、形式及成效，提出对亚龙湾生态环境保护的建议。     

人类活动对象山湾滩涂沉积物理化特征的累积效应

[目的]研究人类活动对象山湾滩涂沉积物理化特征的累积效应。[方法]选取象山湾沿岸滩涂沉积物作为供试材料,测定沉积物样品粒度特征、磁化率、总有机碳及硝态氮含量。[结果]象山湾滩涂沉积物粒径组成以粉粒为主,质地较为黏重,可塑性和保水性较好,透气性差,且沉积物粒径组成随深度变化明显;磁性物质的含量随着取样深度的增加而不断减少;有机物质含量较高,且随着取样深度的增加,有机质含量明显下降,但总体维持在较高水平;硝态氮含量随取样深度的增加总体呈上升趋势,波动明显。[结论]人类活动对象山湾滩涂影响较为明显,理化特征的累积效应在剖面上表现显著。     

苍南沿浦湾滩涂重金属污染现状评价

以温州苍南县沿浦湾滩涂土壤中的重金属含量为指标,采用环境污染指数、地累积指数和潜在生态危害指数综合评价重金属的含量水平及对生态环境的潜在影响。结果表明:沿浦湾滩涂土壤中重金属含量较低,均符合土壤环境质量二级标准。除了元素砷和汞,铜、铅、铬、锌、镉5种重金属的含量均为高潮带和中潮带高于低潮带。潜在生态危害系数和地累积指数的顺序均为砷(As)铜(Cu)铅(Pb)铬(Cr)锌(Zn)汞(Hg)镉(Cd);不同重金属的地累积指数的污染等级顺序为砷(As)铜(Cu)铅(Pb)=铬(Cr)=锌(Zn)=汞(Hg)=镉(Cd),砷(As)是主要生态风险因子;总的潜在生态风险指数为中潮带低潮带高潮带。综合三种评价方法,除砷在地累积指数评价中等级为无污染到中级污染,其余重金属现状评价结果均为轻微或低污染。     

Distribution and spawning dynamics of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in Glacier Bay, Alaska: a cold water refugium

Pacific capelin (Mallotus villosus) populations declined dramatically in the Northeastern Pacific following ocean warming after the regime shift of 1977, but little is known about the cause of the decline or the functional relationships between capelin and their environment. We assessed the distribution and abundance of spawning, non‐spawning adult and larval capelin in Glacier Bay, an estuarine fjord system in southeastern Alaska. We used principal components analysis to analyze midwater trawl and beach seine data collected between 1999 and 2004 with respect to oceanographic data and other measures of physical habitat including proximity to tidewater glaciers and potential spawning habitat. Both spawning and non‐spawning adult Pacific capelin were more likely to occur in areas closest to tidewater glaciers, and those areas were distinguished by lower temperature, higher turbidity, higher dissolved oxygen and lower chlorophyll a levels when compared with other areas of the bay. The distribution of larval Pacific capelin was not sensitive to glacial influence. Pre‐spawning females collected farther from tidewater glaciers were at a lower maturity state than those sampled closer to tidewater glaciers, and the geographic variation in the onset of spawning is likely the result of differences in the marine habitat among sub‐areas of Glacier Bay. Proximity to cold water in Glacier Bay may have provided a refuge for capelin during the recent warm years in the Gulf of Alaska.     

大亚湾大型底栖动物物种多样性现状

利用2004年3月、5月、9月和12月的大型底栖动物定量采样数据,对大亚湾大型底栖动物的物种多样性进行研究。结果表明,因人类活动影响的加剧,目前大型底栖动物多样性明显低于历史水平。2004年大亚湾海域内共出现79种（类）大型底栖动物,全海域均匀度（J）、丰富度（D）和Shannon—Wiener指数（H’）均值分别为1．17、0．74和2．06。各多样性指数的季节变化较小,不存在显著差异（P〉0．05）。多样性水平以冬季〈春季〈夏季〈秋季。大亚湾明显的干、湿季变化对大型底栖动物多样性有所影响,湿季多样性水平高于干季。湾口海域大型底栖动物多样性水平较高,因湾顶和湾中部海域内小鳞帘蛤Veremolpamicra和粗帝汶蛤Timocleascabra极强的优势地位,导致湾顶和湾中部海域多样性水平较低。水温升高而引发的小鳞帘蛤和粗帝汶蛤丰度的变化,造成了湾顶和湾中部海域大型底栖动物多样性水平的季节变化。     

莱州湾渔业水域生态环境质量分析与综合评价研究

应用多项指数综合评价公式、生物多样性指数综合评价公式和主成分分析方法对莱州湾2002年5月和8月生态环境质量进行了综合评价。结果表明,水质环境和生物环境处于良好水平;表层沉积环境处于污染水平,有的站达到严重污染水平,其中重金属镉的贡献率最大。     

桑沟湾养殖海域沉积物中磷的溶出动力学特性

2003年8～11月对桑沟湾进行了两次生态环境的调查研究,通过沉积物水界面交换室内培养实验得到了PO4P和TDP在沉积物水界面的交换量与时间的动力学关系,并利用非线性拟合技术和连续函数计算法计算了该湾沉积物水界面PO4P和TDP的交换速率。其变化范围PO4P为0.09～3.26mg/m2·d,TDP为1.22～7.66mg/m2·d。总体趋势是相同站位的交换速率为8月高于11月,不同站位的交换速率为扇贝和牡蛎养殖区高于海带养殖区。与我国其他近岸海域相比,桑沟湾沉积物水界面磷的交换速率相对较高。     

城乡融合背景下粤港澳大湾区都市农业发展研究

从都市农业对城乡融合发展的经济、生态、社会贡献出发,分析了粤港澳大湾区城乡融合发展对都市农业的需求：一是大湾区城市空间扩展和农业生产用地保护利用,二是大湾区城乡要素系统的优化配置,三是大湾区建设成为高质量一流湾区,四是大湾区建设成为城乡融合发展的典范,这些需求都需要都市农业提供新的解决思路和方案。在此基础上,提出大湾区都市农业发展的六大原则：灵活多样、合作共享、适度规模、长期战略、技术利用、资源循环利用;并提出以下政策建议：一是转变观念,充分认识都市农业的功能与意义;二是明确发展方向,因地制宜发展都市农业;三是制定政策法规,确定都市农业的合法地位;四是加强舆论引导,吸引公众对都市农业的广泛参与和普遍支持;五是加强宜机化农田建设,增加都市农业设施装备和经营管理投入;六是加强都市农业理论模式和政策法规的研究。     

2007年乐清湾富营养化空间特征及其成因分析

依据2007年4月和8月在乐清湾28°05′~28°35′N、121°00′~121°20′E海域进行海洋综合调查,对乐清湾营养水平指标(E)和有机污染指数(A)值的空间分布特征进行研究,讨论这些分布特征与营养盐、潮流场、污染源和叶绿素之间的联系。结果表明,乐清湾E值和A值分布趋势基本相同,都是由内湾向外湾数量逐渐减少。相关分析表明:溶解态磷酸盐(D IP)和溶解态无机氮(D IN)与E值、A值之间都有密切的相关关系(P=0.000 0),因而是污染乐清湾水体的主要因子。营养盐分布特征的形成,主要由乐清湾地形、潮流、污染源和叶绿素特征决定的,在乐清湾海域,沿外湾东部的海槽是乐清湾中湾和外湾涨落潮的主要路径,形成外湾较低的D IP和D IN值。而养殖污染带来总氮和总磷的数量分别接近和超过50%,因而是乐清湾水体变劣的重要外源性污染物,其次是生活污水和化肥的输入。夏季,浮游植物对营养盐大量利用,有效地减少了乐清湾营养盐的含量,进一步导致水体营养水平指标(E)和有机污染指数(A)值的降低。4月乐清湾水体处于富营养化、严重污染和亚健康状态。8月,内湾和中湾属于污染海域,处于亚健康状态。外湾大部分属于较清洁海域,处于健...