Spring Barley Responses to Row Spacing and Fungicide Triadimefon in Regions with a Short Crop-growing Season

Aspects of intensive management practices such as high-yielding cultivars, narrow-row spacings and fungicide treatments could potentially increase cereal yields in regions with a short crop-growing season and occasionally dry and hot weather. A field experiment was carried out at McGill University, Canada for three years (1987 to 1989) to test the effects of triadimefon (1-[4-chlorophenoxy]-3,3-dimethyl-1-[1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-2-butanone, or Bayleton, a trade name) fungicide (0 vs. 140 g a.i. ha⁻¹) and row spacing (10 vs. 20 cm) on the yield components, yield and other agronomic traits (spike emergence, days to maturity, leaf disease and plant height) of spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Cadette, Laurier and Leger. A cultivar by row spacing interaction resulted in a 11 to 13.5 % increase in grain yield due to narrow rows for Laurier in two out of the three years and up to 16 % for Leger in one year. Over the three years grain yields were on average increased 6 to 12 % due to use of the narrower row spacing. Fungicide application to barley at the early heading stage effectively controlled leaf diseases without influence on yield components or grain yield. Our results indicate that some components of intensive management such as narrow row spacing can be applicable in regions with a short crop-growing season.     

Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Colic Horses

The use of echocardiography to study hemodynamic disturbances in colic horses has not been reported. The aim of this study was to noninvasively assess the effect of colic-related endotoxin shock on equine cardiac function. Fifty horses were admitted to the clinic on emergency for colic. A shock score from 1 to 4 was established for each horse on the basis of clinical evaluation, noninvasive systolic blood pressure, and blood tests. Left ventricular echocardiographic and Doppler parameters were compared between the four groups according to the shock score (1 = no or discrete signs of shock, n = 11; 2 = mild shock, n = 17; 3 = moderate shock, n = 12; 4 = severe shock, n = 10), using a multivariate analysis. Horses with a shock score of 1 were considered as controls. Significance was set at P < .05. The stroke volume, stroke index, ejection time, ejection time index corrected for heart rate, aortic velocity time integral, aortic flow acceleration time, and aortic flow deceleration time were significantly lower, whereas acceleration rate of aortic flow ejection and heart rate were significantly higher in shocked horses, as compared with the horses in the control group. Cardiac output was not significantly different between groups. Although these results are difficult to interpret because of the shock-induced changes in loading conditions of the heart, they suggest that alterations in some indicators of systolic function can be quantified by Doppler echocardiography in horses with colic-induced endotoxemic shock. Ultrasonographic monitoring of cardiovascular function could therefore be of interest in equine intensive care.     

基于PSR模型的江苏省国家级开发区土地集约利用评价分析

将"压力-状态-响应"(PSR)模型引入到开发区土地集约利用评价指标体系中,采用主成份分析方法,对江苏省20个国家级开发区土地集约利用水平进行评价分析。研究结果表明,PSR模型评价指标体系及主成份分析方法,能较好地适应开发区土地集约利用评价的需要;江苏省国家级开发区主要受土地资源条件、土地利用程度、用地结构状况及经济效益影响,开发区所在母城经济状况及区位条件也是影响土地集约利用的因素;开发区土地集约利用不仅要注重提高土地利用的产出效益,还要特别重视土地使用面临的压力和反馈能力的建设。     

CS02型干丝绵机的研究报告

针对普通干丝绵机台时产量低 ,锡林针滚两端被丝绵“抱轴” ,绵坯中未开松绵球较多等缺点 ,用提高锡林针滚和进料齿轮轴转速及设置手刹装置、机腔内设置导轨和毛刷等方法 ,进行了改进设计。这种新型干丝绵机的性能测试结果表明 :丝绵机锡林针滚线速度 2 3 4m/s,进料齿轮轴线速度 0 0 16 8m/s,单台生产率 7～ 7 5kg/h ,是国内同类机型台时产量的 2 2 6～ 2 34倍 ;锡林针滚在半圆形空间轨道中抓取精干绵 ,锡林针滚两端光轴微量缠绵 ;合理的芯皮等混合流导向腔体 ,使吸附在绵坯中未开松绵球≤ 10个 /m2 ;设有手刹装置 ,使大线速度的锡林针滚在2～ 3s内止动 ,提高了单位时间内的生产率。     

庄浪县土地节约集约利用分析

采用综合评价方法对庄浪县土地利用基本情况和发展的特点进行了分析。通过对庄浪县1997～2010年的节约与集约利用宏观评价结果来看,庄浪县土地节约与集约利用综合指数分为3个阶段,即1997～2005年,土地节约与集约利用综合指数从0.012上升到0.074,说明9年内庄浪县土地节约与集约利用水平总体上处于上升的趋势,其中,2003,2004年比2002年略有下降,之后2005年一直处于上升趋势。2006,2007年处于平稳上升趋势;2008年土地节约与集约利用综合指数为0.139,比2007年提高了54.4%,尤其是2010年变化幅度最大,比2009年上升了42.7%,比1997年上升了16倍。说明庄浪县土地节约集约利用水平正在逐年提高,土地利用正在由粗放利用向适度利用过渡。     

混播比例和施氮肥对箭筈豌豆/燕麦草地根系特性的影响

豆科和禾本科牧草混播是栽培草地的重要模式之一,能显著改善土壤,提升系统可持续生产能力。牧草根系是土壤有机质返还的重要来源,但混播草地中牧草根系特性的变化尚不清楚。以箭筈豌豆和燕麦草地为对象,研究了不同施氮肥水平和混播比例下其根生物量、根性状的变化。结果表明:1)混播比例和施氮肥对草地根生物量和根性状有显著交互作用,混播草地根生物量显著大于单播;与高氮肥处理相比,根生物量在低、中氮肥处理下更高;高氮肥对根长、比根长、根表面积和比根面积在植物生长前期表现为抑制作用,在生长后期随混播中箭筈豌豆比例的增大,抑制作用减轻。2)混播条件下土壤硝态氮含量大于单播,而土壤铵态氮含量仅在乳熟期时大于单播,且随混播中箭筈豌豆比例增大,矿质氮含量增加;施氮肥对0~30 cm土层中的矿质氮含量有显著影响,其含量在施氮肥100 kg·hm^-2下最高,不施肥下最小。3)根生物量与土壤硝态氮含量间显著正相关,根长、根表面积、根体积与土壤硝态氮含量间显著负相关。综上,混播中箭筈豌豆比例的增加有助于改善土壤矿质氮,优化混播草地根性状。     

双层桨叶单轴混合机的结构与特点

文章旨在分析双层桨叶单轴混合机的结构和混合原理。通过对混合机的机体、转子、卸料门及控制机构、传动部分、液体添加系统、气包喷吹系统关键结构的详细分析,了解其独特的混合原理和优良特性。该机具有混合均匀度高CV≤5%(可达2%~3%)、残留量低(≤0.1%)、生产效率高、使用维修方便等特点,在国内外饲料添加剂预混合生产中应用越来越广泛。     

不同处理稻草混合青贮料对奶牛生产性能的影响

本试验采用稻草分别与玉米秸杆、象草混合青贮,同时添加纤维素复合酶制剂和乳酸菌制剂,研究稻草的最佳青贮模式和五种不同处理稻草混合青贮料对奶牛生产性能的影响,结果表明稻草与玉米秸杆混合青贮（同时添加纤维素复合酶制剂）料对奶牛产奶量显著高于其它青贮组合（P〈0．05）,但对乳成分无显著影响（P〉0．05）,其它组之间的产奶量和乳成分差异不显著（P〉0．05）。     

Preliminary Investigation of the Area Under the l‐Lactate Concentration–Time Curve (LACAREA) in Critically Ill Equine Neonates

Background

A variety of measures of l‐lactate concentration ([LAC]) in the blood of critically ill neonatal foals have shown utility as prognostic indicators. These measures, evaluating either the severity of hyperlactatemia or the duration of exposure to hyperlactatemia, perform fairly well and have correctly classified 75–80% of foals examined in several studies. The area under the l‐lactate concentration versus time curve (LAC _Area) encompasses both severity and duration of hyperlactatemia and should improve correct classification of patient survival.

Hypothesis/Objectives

LAC _Area is larger in nonsurviving critically ill neonatal foals.

Animals

Forty‐nine foals admitted for critical illness to 1 of 4 referral hospitals.

Methods

Whole blood was obtained at admission and 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after admission for measurement of l‐lactate using a handheld lactate meter. LAC _Area was calculated for: admission–6, 6–12, 12–18, 18–24 hours, and admission–24 hours using the trapezoidal method and summing the 6‐hours interval areas to determine total 24 hours area. Differences between survivors and nonsurvivors were determined using robust regression and Kruskal–Wallis testing, P < .05.

Results

LAC _Area was significantly larger in nonsurviving foals (n = 9) than in surviving foals (n = 40) at all time periods examined.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Differences in LAC _Area between surviving and nonsurviving critically ill neonatal foals are large and support further investigation of this method as an improved biomarker for survival in critically ill neonatal foals is indicated.