足球场草坪运动质量影响因素的研究进展

综述了国内外足球场草坪运动质量影响因素的若干研究进展 ,并对当前我国足球场地草坪存在的问题进行了探讨     

Epidemiological studies of piglet diarrhoea in intensively managed Danish sow herds. II. Post-weaning diarrhoea

This study comprised 48,931 litters in 89 sow herds. During the study (1976-82) weaning age decreased from approx. 42 days to approx. 30 days. The mean incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea was 6.0% of litters weaned, with little variation by year but with considerable variation among herds. Within the individual herd increased incidence occurred over limited periods, probably associated with specific infections. Litters with diarrhoea during the suckling period had increased risk of post-weaning diarrhoea. The incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea increased with litter size at weaning. Thus, a litter of 11-12 piglets at weaning had 1.2 times higher risk than litters with 8-10 piglets. In contrast to pre-weaning diarrhoea, there was no association between parity of the sow and diarrhoea in the litter after weaning. Litters weaned below 2 weeks of age had a 2-fold risk of developing diarrhoea after weaning and a 2.4-fold higher mortality rate than did litters weaned at 6-7 weeks. Similarly, litters weaned at an individual piglet weight below 3 kg bodyweight had a 3-fold higher risk of developing diarrhoea after weaning and a 5-fold higher mortality rate than did pigs from litters weaned at a bodyweight of 7-8 kg. The incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea decreased with increasing herd size. Piglets from litters with post-weaning diarrhoea had reduced weight gains after weaning and were 2.3 days older at 25 kg bodyweight than piglets from non-diarrhoeic litters. Likewise, diarrhoea after weaning was associated with an increased incidence of diseases of the skin and respiratory tract. Thus the risk of contracting respiratory disease was 4 times greater in diarrhoeic litters.     

辣椒疫病发病主导因素及综合防治技术研究

通过3a在多年辣椒重茬地的田间试验及调查研究,基本明确了辣椒疫病发生与灌水方法、栽培方式、降水、中心病株的出现等主导因素的关系。提出了栽培防病、化学治疗的综防技术,达到控病增产的目的。     

瓜类蔬菜光合特性研究进展

综述了瓜类蔬菜光合特性的研究进展，总结了光照、温度、CO2浓度、水分、矿质营养、叶龄、叶住及嫁接等因素对光合作用的影响，并提出了今后的研究方向。     

粪臭素在家畜养殖中的危害

粪臭素是L-色氨酸的细菌降解产物，是引起反刍动物急性肺水肿和肺气肿(ABPE)的主要物质，同时也是产生猪肉异臭味的主要物质，严重危害家畜养殖。本文综述了粪臭素的理化性质及合成途径、在家畜中的作用机理、影响粪臭素的因素及降低家畜体内粪臭素的方法等内容。     

稻曲病侵染时期和流行因素研究

分期接种试验的结果表明,稻曲病对水稻的侵染时期,主要在孕穗末期至破口期,病菌侵入籽粒在水稻开花前。3a的系统调查和对比分析结果说明,水稻穗期最高气温>32℃的天数少,降雨量大,有利病菌的侵入和发展流行,品种间抗(耐)病性差异显著。近年来稻曲病发生严重的主要原因是单季晚稻的大面积种植,穗期气候条件适宜病害发生流行。     

Effect of insulin on the secretion of VEGF and its receptor in serum-free cultured bovine thoracic aortic endothelial cells

AIM: This study was designed to investigate the secretion of VEGF and its receptor (flt-1 or flk-1/KDR) protein by cultured bovine thoracic aortic endothelial cells treated with various insulin concentrations. METHODS: Endothelial cells was isolated from bovine thoracic aorta, and cultured in serum-free medium, then incubated with different insulin concentrations (30 mU/L, 300 mU/L, 3 000 mU/L). The level of VEGF and its receptor (flt-1 or flk-1/KDR) protein were detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: As compared with no insulin group, the expression of VEGF protein in low insulin concentration (30 mU/L and 300 mU/L) groups were significantly increased (P＜0.01). The expression of VEGF protein in high insulin concentration (3 000 mU/L) group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05). Howerer, no difference of the expression of VEGF receptor (flt-1 or flk-1/KDR) protein among all groups (P＞0.05) was observed. CONCLUSION: Low concentration insulin up-regulates the VEGF protein expression while high concentration insulin down-regulates the VEGF protein expression in bovine thoracic aortic endothelial cells, but insulin had no directly effect on the VEGF receptor (flt-1 or flk-1/KDR) protein expression in bovine thoracic aortic endothelial cells.     

Variation and distribution of virulence phenotypes of Bremia lactucae in natural populations of Lactuca serriola

During 1997–2000 the virulence variation and distribution of virulence phenotypes of Bremia lactucae (lettuce downy mildew) in natural populations of Lactuca serriola (prickly lettuce) were studied. Altogether 139 isolates of B. lactucae originating from the Czech Republic, France and Germany were examined for the presence of 27 virulence factors (v-factors) and their combinations. In the Czech population, 37 different v-phenotypes (P1–P37) of B. lactucae were found to occur on L. serriola . Most v-phenotypes were characterized by v-factors that match resistance ( Dm genes/R-factors) carried by L. serriola . A wide diversity of v-phenotypes was recorded every year, but most were rare and did not reappear in other populations of B. lactucae . The three v-phenotypes P21, P28 and P29 were most frequent and widely distributed. There was variation both between spatially isolated populations and within populations of the pathogen. Geographic differences in virulence were found for the southern parts of Moravia, where the phenotypic composition of pathogen populations was completely different from the remaining part of the area investigated. However, some populations had v-phenotypes similar to those of spatially distant populations in Moravia.     

基于冗余分析的高寒草原土壤与草地退化关系

在高寒草原退化草地设置研究样地,观测植物群落特征、采集土壤样品、分析土壤物理化学性质,依据数量生态学基本原理,探讨高寒草原退化草地与土壤因子间关系。结果表明:不同退化程度样地沿冗余分析排序图第一排序轴分布,第一排序轴反映草地退化程度的变化;草地植物群落中与第一排序轴负相关且按相关程度大小排序的指标为盖度>地上生物量>地下生物量;第一、第二排序轴能够解释97.1%的土壤因子与草地退化关系;土壤沙砾、p H与第一排序轴正相关,土壤有机碳、土壤含水量、容重、全氮、有效氮与第一排序轴负相关;第一排序轴及所有排序轴所反映的土壤因子均与草地退化之间呈极显著相关关系(P<0.01);不同土壤因子与草地退化之间相关程度不同,土壤有机碳(r=-0.890)、土壤含水量(r=-0.864)、容重(r=-0.847)、全氮(r=-0.836)、有效氮(r=-0.821)等与高寒草原退化相关程度更高且相关关系极显著(P<0.01)。利用退化草地群落特征和土壤因子数据矩阵进行冗余分析能够较好地综合反映土壤因子与草地退化之间的关系及相关程度,土壤有机碳、土壤含水量、容重、全氮、有效氮是反映高寒草原退化的重要土壤指标。     

北京八达岭人工油松林地表枯死可燃物负荷量研究

地表枯死可燃物负荷量多少是森林火灾发生的基础。调查八达岭林场不同地形条件下油松林地表枯死可燃物和林分因子,取得42块样地资料;用线性相关分析法对各因子与地表枯死可燃物负荷量进行分析,平均树高、坡度和海拔与对应负荷量有显著线性关系;应用多元线性回归中的逐步回归剔除法,建立了估测模型,除平均胸径外,平均树高、密度、郁闭度、海拔、坡度被引入,经检验回归显著,该估测模型可用于其它油松林地表可燃物负荷量估测。