Use of fluorescence to determine reduction in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) nymph feeding when exposed to cyantraniliprole and imidacloprid through systemic applications

The Bemisia tabaci whitefly is an important pest of many agricultural crops. Direct feeding by this pest can cause physiological plant symptoms including irregular ripening in tomatoes and silverleaf disorder in squash. In addition, B. tabaci can transmit more than 100 plant viruses that cause severe diseases that affect crop yield and quality. Insecticides are often applied to control this pest and they may be applied to the foliage and/or to the soil. Insecticides that kill quickly or cause feeding cessation reduce the damage caused by B. tabaci on the host plant most effectively. In this study fluorescence was used to assess B. tabaci feeding and to determine the effect of systemically applied insecticides on feeding by the pest. Cyantraniliprole (Verimark™) and imidacloprid (AdmirePro^®) produced a rapid reduction in B. tabaci feeding. At 24 h after a systemic application, the percentage of whitefly nymphs still feeding in plants treated with cyantraniliprole (anthranilic diamide) and imidacloprid (neonicotinoid) were 19% and 33%, respectively. Both products showed a good reduction in insect feeding and since they have different modes of action they should be considered as rotational partners for B. tabaci control in areas where there is no resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides. While the fluorescein sodium salt cannot be used to trace the uptake of insecticides, it has been shown to reliably demonstrate feeding cessation of whitefly nymphs after foliar and systemic applications of insecticides.     

拥挤度和杀虫剂对蚜虫翅型分化和生长繁殖的影响

[目的]为了全面评价田间杀虫剂对害虫的非致死作用,[方法]我们选择了亚致死剂量吡虫啉和种群拥挤作为处理因子,测度了大豆蚜的产蚜量、成蚜寿命、若蚜历期及有翅蚜数量等指标,评价两个因子对蚜虫的寄主植株上种群的增殖力和转移扩散风险的影响性质及大小。[结果]结果表明：亚致死剂量吡虫啉对大豆蚜植株上种群有明显降低繁殖率的作用,从而有效减轻本地危害;另外,用药导致有翅蚜的数量显著降低,能降低蚜虫转移为害的风险。拥挤降低了第一代蚜虫种群的繁殖力,对第二代种群繁殖力没有显著影响。另一方面,拥挤造成有翅蚜数量增加,会增加蚜虫转移为害的风险。药剂和拥挤存在显著交互作用。[结论]研究表明：亚致死剂量的吡虫啉会降低大豆蚜后代的在原植株上的为害和转移为害,拥挤会消减药剂在植株上的控害作用,也会增加蚜虫转移为害的风险。     

液相色谱法分析烟草中吡虫啉

建立了一种测定烟草中吡虫啉的简单、有效的高效液相色谱法,该方法以丙酮在超声波辅助下提取样品,保证了吡虫啉的提取效率;使用C18处理柱净化样品,有效地消除了干扰物的影响;采用梯度洗脱方式进行分离与测定,改善了色谱峰形。     

吡虫啉种衣剂控制水稻灰飞虱及黑条矮缩病等病毒病的效果研究

[目的]评价吡虫啉种衣剂及其与氟虫双酰胺混用对水稻灰飞虱及黑条矮缩病等病毒病的控制效果.[方法]通过田间小区试验研究了吡虫啉种衣剂及其与氟虫双酰胺混用控制水稻灰飞虱及黑条矮缩病等病毒病的效果.[结果]吡虫啉600 FS 83.3 ～125.0ml/hm2及其与氟虫双酰胺混用400 FS150.0 ～ 300.0 ml/hm2在灰飞虱和黑条矮缩病重发生情况下,秧田虫口防效高达45％ ～55％,大田病害防效在28.71％ ～ 56.52％,结合无纺布覆盖育苗以及秧田期防治灰飞虱,可有效控制病毒病的发生.[结论]为吡虫啉种衣剂的应用及水稻病毒病的防治提供了理论依据.     

宁夏枸杞种植区吡虫啉施用情况调查分析

2012年对宁夏枸杞种植区吡虫啉的施用情况进行调查分析表明,枸杞蚜虫是宁夏枸杞种植地区主要的防治对象,而吡虫啉是多年以来防治枸杞蚜虫的最重要药剂之一,枸杞园平均每年施用吡虫啉5~6次,各枸杞种植区吡虫啉施用浓度逐年加大的现象普遍存在。     

高效液相色谱法测定猕猴桃中吡虫啉残留量

以乙腈作为溶剂,对猕猴桃样品进行超声萃取,经弗罗里硅土-活性炭混合柱净化,以石油醚/乙酸乙酯洗脱,HPLC-UV检测,外标法定量,建立了吡虫啉在猕猴桃中的残留分析方法.结果表明:在0.1～ 5.0 mg/kg的添加水平,平均回收率为87.18％～109.3％,相对标准偏差为1.14％ ～4.87％,检出限为0.010 mg/kg.该法简便快速,灵敏度高,适用于猕猴桃中吡虫啉残留量的测定.     

Effect of Different Bioassay Methods on Enzymatic Characteristics of Cotton Aphid,Aphis gossypfi Glover （Hemiptera：Aphididae）

In this study, the susceptibility of three populations of cotton aphid, Aph＆ gossypii Glover （Hemiptera：Aphididae） was assayed to imidacloprid （35SC） and thiametoxam （50WG）. The involvement of metabolic enzymes in the resistance strain of cotton aphid to the neonicotinoids was determined by the biochemical biomarkers and the resistance mechanism was determined as CaE. In another study, three different bioassay experiments were designed for detecting the susceptibility of cotton aphid to imidacloprid and thiametoxam and the effect of these two insecticides on the enzymatic activity of cotton aphid was assessed in the adult aphids treated with three different bioassay methods using a modified version of the FAO dip test, residue bioassay procedure and starvation method. Our findings suggested that the type of bioassay methods is very important when aphids＇ populations assess for the resistance against the neonicotinod insecticides. It has shown the starvation method is the most reliable method compared with other methods.     

Comparison of spinetoram,imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole against life stages of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on concrete

Spinetoram, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole are new insecticides with novel mode of actions, low mammalian toxicity and low impact to environment. In the present study, the efficacy of these insecticides was tested against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val on concrete. Among the tested insecticides, spinetoram proved to be more effective, providing complete control of T. confusum adults and young larvae after 14 days of exposure. For the young larvae, thiamethoxam at the highest dose and chlorantraniliprole at both doses were equally effective with spinetoram. On the other hand, none of the tested insecticides were able to control T. confusum pupae. Moreover, none of the insecticides had ovicidal effect, with the exception of chlorantraniliprole in some combinations. From the mobile life stages, the most tolerant life stages were old larvae and the most susceptible young larvae. The presence of food (flour) moderated T. confusum mortality. From the results of the present study, we can conclude that spinetoram, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole showed potential and need be further evaluated for surface treatments in stored product facilities. Our work underlined the need for good cleaning and sanitation procedures in warehouses and food processing facilities.     

2种选择性农药刺激稻纵卷叶螟产卵的研究

[目的]探讨选择性农药是否是稻纵卷叶螟再猖獗的诱导因素。[方法]在盆栽和田间试验中,以武运粳7号为供试水稻品种,分别采用不同浓度的25%扑虱灵和10%吡虫啉对稻纵卷叶螟2龄和4龄期的幼虫进行喷雾处理,研究这2种选择性农药对稻纵卷叶螟产卵的影响。[结果]在稻纵卷叶螟幼虫2龄期用扑虱灵300.0、112.5、60.0 g/hm2进行喷雾处理能刺激稻纵卷叶螟成虫产卵;在稻纵卷叶螟幼虫4龄期用吡虫啉60.0 g/hm2喷雾处理也能刺激稻纵卷叶螟成虫产卵,并且其成虫产卵量与对照相比显著增加。[结论]扑虱灵和吡虫啉能刺激稻纵卷叶螟成虫产卵,是稻纵卷叶螟再猖獗的诱导因素之一。     

Considerations for the use of neonicotinoid pesticides in management of Bactericera cockerelli (Šulk) (Hemiptera: Triozidae)

Bactericera cockerelli is a pest on multiple solanaceous crop plants and is the sole vector for the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous. When the pathogen is present, feeding by these psyllids results in ‘vein greening’ disease in peppers and tomatoes, and “zebra chip” disease in potatoes. Currently, management is based entirely on the application of pesticides, including two neonicotinoid compounds. Populations of B. cockerelli collected in southern Texas in 2006 and 2012 were examined for reduced susceptibility and behavioral responses to imidacloprid.Tests comparing imidacloprid and thiamethoxam demonstrated that both can reduce nymph numbers in the field, but retention and effective periods vary among application methods and compounds. In addition, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are both sensitive to the amount of water applied during irrigation. Collectedly, these results suggest that imidacloprid is unlikely to be effective in controlling B. cockerelli in south Texas. Moreover, its use needs to be carefully considered in other locations even where resistance has not yet been detected. Finally, thiamethoxam may be useful, but careful attention must be paid to irrigation and rainfall level, application method, and timing of application.