Public perceptions of ecosystem services and preferences for design scenarios of the flooded bank along the Three Gorges Reservoir: Implications for sustainable management of novel ecosystems

The newly formed extensive flooded land associated with the Three Gorges Reservoir hold great potentials to provide ecosystem services (ESs) for surrounding cities and communities. Conflicting values and conventional management strategies may complicate and inhibit broad-scale decision-making for this novel ecosystem. Public attitudes are a crucial influence in the way this process plays out. This study was conducted to assess how the reservoir bank is perceived by the general public of Chongqing Municipality in terms of importance of riparian ESs, and preference for corresponding landscape design styles through photo-questionnaire interviewing. Although Chongqing citizens know little of the “ecosystem services” concept, they do recognise riparian environmental and ecological benefits especially the bank protection and pollution interception functions, while benefits of habitats for wildlife and flood attenuation were of less concern. Recreational values were least appreciated, which is inconsistent with other studies. This may be attributed to a wider, intensive environmental education in various social media in today’s China. But publicity has been dominated by toxic air, water and soil pollution control rather than the benefits of nature conservation and personal contact with nature. In line with recognition of ESs, there is quite strong preference for the forested design scenario and particularly vegetation components across the socio-demographic spectrum. Overall, socio-demographic variables have very low explanatory power for the perceptual responses. Our study also revealed misunderstandings around riparian functions and a gap between public expectations and special abiotic and biotic prerequisites in restoring novel ecosystems. Finally, we discuss the relevance of this research to urban novel ecosystems in general, and implications for raising public awareness, engaging appropriate public values in sustainable design and management of such ecosystems.     

三峡库区柑桔林水土保持效益分析

对三峡库区2种不同建园方式的柑桔林,从建园开始连续9年定位观测柑桔林水土流失情况,结果表明,梯田柑桔林径流系数在0.047~0.153之间,径流含沙量在425~2170g/m3之间,侵蚀模数在9.37~116.67g/m2之间。25°坡地柑桔林径流系数在0.079~0.378之间,径流含沙量在500~5 050 g/m3之间,侵蚀模数在48.29~1 962.04g/m2之间。在建园初期4年内,25°坡地柑桔林径流系数、径流含沙量和侵蚀模数急剧下降,径流系数由0.378下降到0.103,径流含沙量由5050 g/m3下降到350g/m3,侵蚀模数由1 962.04g/m2下降到131.42 g/m2。4年后,覆盖度的增加有效的抵消了坡度对水土流失的影响,柑桔林覆盖度达到0.82,径流系数,径流含沙量和侵蚀模数分别为0.103~0.253,350~3404 g/m3、14.71~148.4g/m2,表现出较好的水土保持效益。     

三峡库区农村沼气综合利用途径与思考

三峡库区资源丰富,但库区农村存在资源利用不合理、能源紧缺的情况.库区的气候及资源是发展沼气的有利条件.沼气是一项投资少,见效快,一次投资长期受益的好项目;是能够解决库区农村燃料短缺,提高用能品质,促进农民增收节支的有效途径,并且是保护生态改善农村生活环境,促进库区农村生态经济可持续发展的有效举措.     

黑河流域水资源开发利用现状及存在问题分析

本文根据有关资料对黑河流域水资源的数量、分布与变化特征进行了较为详细的阐述 ,并且从可持续发展的内涵出发 ,分析了该地区水资源开发利用中出现的问题及对策。结果表明 ,黑河流域水资源开发利用中所出现的种种问题固然与西北内陆地区气候干旱等先天不利条件有很大的关系 ,但最主要的原因还是人类对水资源的开发利用不当所造成的。因此 ,必须改变传统的以牺牲生态环境为代价的经济发展模式 ,社会经济发展应充分考虑流域水资源的制约条件。     

黑河干流中游地区耗水量变化的历史分析

黑河流域水资源极其匮乏 ,加之地区上的配置不均衡和中游地区水土资源的过度开发导致了黑河下游严重生态环境问题 ,已影响到我国北方广大地区生态环境质量 ,受到国家的高度重视和全社会的广泛关注。黑河水资源开发利用主要集中在中游地区 ,该区是全国重要的商品粮、蔬菜和经济作物生产基地之一 ,耗水量占流域耗水量的 85 %以上 ,是黑河的主要耗水区和径流利用区。本文利用黑河上游控制站莺落峡站和中游控制站正义峡站水文资料 ,分析了黑河中游耗水量的变化 ,结果表明 :2 0世纪 80年代以前黑河中游耗水量在 4.2 0× 10 8m3 左右 ,比较稳定 ;进入 2 0世纪 80年代以来耗水量明显增加 ,80年代耗水量比 40年代末期至 70年代增加了 2 .0× 10 8～ 2 .5×10 8m3 左右 ;90年代耗水量又比 80年代增加了 1.6 0× 10 8m3 左右。 80年代以来流域耗水量呈明显增加的趋势 ,这是以人类活动影响为主的结果     

多项目管理理论在水库移民后扶项目中的初步研究

结合水库移民工作实践经验,构建了后扶项目多项目管理组织机构并初步分析了多项目管理在后扶项目管理中开展方法.     

某水库建设项目地质灾害危险性评估

通过野外调查、室内分析研究了评估区的地质环境条件,主要包括环境地质、水文地质和工程地质;结合建设项目可行性研究报告、岩土工程勘察报告,对某水库建设项目地质灾害危险性进行了现状评估、预测评估以及综合性分区评估;对拟建场地进行了适宜性评价,并提出了地质灾害防治措施。     

白石水库水源富营养化评价及供水可靠性分析

本文在对白石水库水源富营养化进行评价的基础上,对水库供水可靠性进行了分析.从现状水质评价结果看,白石水库的水质满足《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)中的Ⅲ类用水水质要求,可以作为集中式生活饮用水水源地和工业用水水源地.经过水量调节计算,可知白石水库供水水质是可靠的.     

Incorporating local ecological knowledge into urban riparian restoration in a mountainous region of Southwest China

Modern cities use straightened and concrete watercourses with simple greening for riparian zones, which has been criticised for insensitivity to natural system integrity and cultural identity. This increases the challenge to urban ecologists, landscape designers and managers to conceive innovative and effective design solutions that do not jeopardise hydraulic efficiency yet are culturally acceptable to local communities. This paper introduces the field of local ecological knowledge (LEK) as rich sources of inspiration and design solutions to meet this challenge. LEK refers to knowledge and practices of various local cultures about the relationship of living beings (including humans) with their environments. Wepropose a pragmatic framework that integrates LEK with modern landscape design. It includes steps: (1) investigate existing practices, skills andmeasures relating to LEK; (2) explore how and whereLEKcan inspire or integrate withdesign. Here we propose three aspects for integration in accordance with the nature of landscaping process: overall structure, component and maintenance.(3)evaluate and test the integration in terms of its acceptability by local communities. Taking the riparian revegetation project of Hanfeng Lake Urban Wetland Park (Chongqing Municipality) as an example, we illustrate the utility of this framework. 11 local common practices relating to LEK were identified. According to thethree aspects for integration, alternative design solutions were offered. The survey showed that LEK based designwas more highly valued than other conventional ways in terms of useracceptance. We conclude that LEK provides actionable ecologically sound and culturally desirablesolutions for urbanlandscape. We also recognise that LEK evolveswith changing environments and new harmonious and dynamic human-nature relationships arecontinually re-forming. The process of acquisition and application of LEK could encourage multidisciplinary and synthetic approaches to urban ecosystems. Such adaptability and interdisciplinary engagementare crucial totoday’schanging and complexurban environments.     

湖南洋泉水库调度的最优气候决策方法探讨

充分利用气候资源作好水库水位（量）调度、提高水库在抗旱和发电中的经济效益,是当今水库调度决策亟待解决的一个重要课题.本文根据气象经济学原理,运用连续函数求极值方法,利用洋泉水库有关经济参数,建立水库气候最优调度决策,在水库的实际调度中应用,可取得明显的社会经济效益.