铅、镉和铬在叶类蔬菜中的累积及对其生长的影响

 研究结果表明: 重金属元素铅(Pb) 、镉(Cd) 、铬(Cr) 对几种叶类蔬菜生长和产量都有明显的影响, 且其影响因蔬菜种类、元素种类和浓度的不同而有很大差异, 叶用莴苣> 苋菜> 芥菜> 菜薹>蕹菜, Cr > Cd > Pb ; 不同蔬菜类型可食部位积累重金属元素的顺序为苋菜> 叶用莴苣> 菜薹> 蕹菜> 芥菜;各元素从营养液向蔬菜体内转移的迁移累积率顺序为Cd > Cr > Pb。随着各元素浓度的增大, 对蔬菜生长的影响和其可食部分的富集量随之加大。     

高校心理健康教育网络课程模式的构建与实例分析

计算机多媒体技术和网络技术日新月异的发展,教育信息化的推进,为努力实现高校心理健康教育课程教学内容、教学手段和教学方法的全面创新,本文以《心理健康教育》网络课程为例,尝试剖析其在模式构建、教学设计、交互安排、教学应用等方面的特征,以期为开辟高校心理健康教育课程的新模式提供思路。     

Sewage sludge processing determines its impact on soil microbial community structure and function

Composting and thermal drying are amongst the most commonly used post-digestion processes for allowing sanitation and biological stabilization of sewage sludge from municipal treatment plants, and making it suitable as soil conditioner for use in agriculture. To assess the impact of sludge-derived materials on soil microbial properties, fresh (LAF), composted (LAC) and thermally dried (LAT) sludge fractions, each resulting from a different post-treatment process of a same aerobically digested sewage sludge, were added at 1% (w/w) application rate on two contrasting (a loam and a loamy sand) soils and incubated under laboratory conditions for 28 days. Soil respiration, microbial ATP content, hydrolytic activities and arginine ammonification rate were monitored throughout the incubation period. Results showed that soil biochemical variables, including the metabolic quotient (qCO₂), were markedly stimulated after sludge application, and the magnitude of this stimulatory effect was dependent on sludge type (precisely LAT > LAF > LAC), but not on soil type. This effect was related to the content of stable organic matter, which was lower in LAT. Genetic fingerprinting by PCR–DGGE revealed that compositional shifts of soil bacterial and, at greater extent, actinobacterial communities were responsive to the amendment with a differing sludge fraction. The observed time-dependent changes in the DGGE profiles of amended soils reflected the microbial turnover dependent on the sludge nutrient input, whereas no indications of adverse effects of sludge-borne contaminants were noted. Our findings indicate that composting rather thermal drying can represent a more appropriate post-digestion process to make sewage sludge suitable for use as soil conditioner in agriculture.     

澳大利亚社区农园的发展及其对我国的启示

在一些发达国家,社区农园向人们提供了接触自然、放松身心的场所,已受到越来越多市民的喜欢。而我国社区农园的发展仍处于探索期,借鉴国外社区农园对于我国社区农园的发展有很大的裨益。对澳大利亚社区花园的发展状况进行了详细介绍。以三个分别位于居住区、校园、公园的社区花园为例,根据案例分析社区农园对孤独人群、老年人、儿童、残疾人这些弱势群体带来的益处,阐明其对人们身心健康的改善以及对社会可持续发展的重大意义。文末根据澳大利亚社区农园发展的成功经验和我国城市发展的现状,提出我国建设社区农园需要面临的挑战。     

Community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Robinia pseudoacacia in uncontaminated and heavy metal contaminated soils

The significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil remediation has been widely recognized because of their ability to promote plant growth and increase phytoremediation efficiency in heavy metal (HM) polluted soils by improving plant nutrient absorption and by influencing the fate of the metals in the plant and soil. However, the symbiotic functions of AMF in remediation of polluted soils depend on plant–fungus–soil combinations and are greatly influenced by environmental conditions. To better understand the adaptation of plants and the related mycorrhizae to extreme environmental conditions, AMF colonization, spore density and community structure were analyzed in roots or rhizosphere soils of Robinia pseudoacacia. Mycorrhization was compared between uncontaminated soil and heavy metal contaminated soil from a lead–zinc mining region of northwest China. Samples were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) screening with AMF-specific primers (NS31 and AM1), and sequencing of rRNA small subunit (SSU). The phylogenetic analysis revealed 28 AMF group types, including six AMF families: Glomeraceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Diversisporaceae, Acaulosporaceae, Pacisporaceae, and Gigasporaceae. Of all AMF group types, six (21%) were detected based on spore samples alone, four (14%) based on root samples alone, and five (18%) based on samples from root, soil and spore. Glo9 (Rhizophagus intraradices), Glo17 (Funneliformis mosseae) and Acau3 (Acaulospora sp.) were the three most abundant AMF group types in the current study. Soil Pb and Zn concentrations, pH, organic matter content, and phosphorus levels all showed significant correlations with the AMF species compositions in root and soil samples. Overall, the uncontaminated sites had higher species diversity than sites with heavy metal contamination. The study highlights the effects of different soil chemical parameters on AMF colonization, spore density and community structure in contaminated and uncontaminated sites. The tolerant AMF species isolated and identified from this study have potential for application in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated areas.     

重型轮式拖拉机燃油箱设计要点

重型轮式拖拉机通常采用滚塑燃油箱,能充分利用拖拉机侧方的空间,增大燃油箱容积,满足此种拖拉机农忙时较长时间工作的要求。燃油箱外形必须根据拖拉机整机结构和燃油箱周边零件外形进行设计,外形设计还需要考虑燃油箱自身强度和热膨胀的因素。加油口、通气孔、联通口和转角设计等设计细节也决定着燃油箱的设计质量。     

广西矿区大气沉降与稻米重金累积的关系分析(英文)

笔者就大气沉降的概念、来源及其危害作了简要的概述,并对广西矿区大气沉降与稻米重金属累积的关系作简要分析,以期对广西矿区重金属沉降污染实施有效的风险预警,确保稻米安全生产提供参考。     

茶文化在高职林科类院校心理健康教育中的实践与探索

茶文化作为中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,其蕴含的心理健康教育思想内容丰富且历史悠久。近年来高校大学生数量激增,学生心理健康问题层出不穷,在高职院校中尤为凸显,且高职林科类院校中艰苦专业多,当前心理健康教育方式方法出现瓶颈,效果固化。通过茶文化中积极健康的思想,结合大学生心理健康教育教学,创新教育途径,探索并找到较好的实践运用手段,提高大学生的心理健康素质,促进大学生综合水平提高,具有较好现实意义和价值。     

Mental health in the veterinary profession: an individual or organisational focus?

The veterinary profession is experiencing a shortage of veterinarians, with attrition recognised as a substantial contributor. Research has also indicated increased levels of mental ill health and alarming suicide rates in practitioners. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of eleven modifiable workplace factors on mental health outcomes, job appreciation and intention to leave the veterinary profession. The second aim was to ascertain whether workplace factors influence mental health outcomes after controlling for individual resilience. An online survey was completed by 73 practising Australian veterinarians. Unfavourable workplace factors correlated with adverse outcomes including depression, stress, reduced job appreciation and increased likelihood of leaving both the role and the profession. Workplace factors remained linked with the outcomes of job appreciation, depression and stress whilst controlling for practitioner resilience. Job appreciation was a significant predictor of intention to leave both the current role and the profession. Via multiple linear regression, two categories were identified as associated with improved psychological outcomes and job appreciation. These were workplace factors that represent breaks from workload and control or decision latitude in the workplace. Whilst resilience represents a key area for intervention, workplace factors potentially represent an easier-to-modify area for intervention.     

厌氧消化系统中硫酸盐对重金属化学形态的转化作用

本文对城市污水处理厂污泥厌氧消化过程中不同浓度的硫酸盐对铜、锌、镍三种重金属化学形态变化的影响进行了分析研究。结果表明，硫酸盐的存在能够促进污泥中重金属向稳定的硫化物形态转变。