青海省都兰县天然草地盐生植物资源种类及利用研究

从青海省都兰县基本情况出发,介绍了都兰县盐生植物的分布和盐生植物资源种类,并阐述了其盐生植物资源的利用情况。     

盐生植物灰绿藜对NaCl和NaHCO3胁迫的生理响应

[目的]应对日益严重的土壤盐渍化问题,开发新的具有生态效益和经济价值的盐生植物.[方法]以具经济价值的新疆盐生植物灰绿藜为材料,采用分光光度法测定了不同浓度NaCl和NaHCO3胁迫后植株的日相对生长率(RGR)、丙二醛(MDA)、多种渗调质、抗氧化剂含量变化及几种重要的抗氧化酶活力变化,探讨了其对盐碱胁迫生理响应机制的差异性.[结果](1)在0～300 mmol/L,NaCl对植株生长的抑制作用较小,300 mmol/L NaHCO3对植株生长产生了一定程度的抑制;(2)150和300 mmol/L NaCl和NaHCO3处理后植株叶片丙二醛含量均显著增加;叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活力均无显著变化;抗氧化剂ASA显著升高.(3)随盐碱处理浓度增加,叶片脯氨酸(Pro)、甜菜碱(BADH)、可溶性糖含量显著升高,其中脯氨酸在较高浓度NaCl处理下升高幅度显著高于相同浓度的NaHCO3.[结论]植株体内抗氧化剂和渗调质ASA和脯氨酸Pro积累的差异可能是造成灰绿藜对高浓度盐碱胁迫耐受差异的原因之一.     

Physiological Mechanism of Salt Tolerance in Suaeda fruticosa Collected from High Saline Fields of Khyber Pukhtoon-Khwa,Pakistan

The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the physiological mechanism of adaptation of salt tolerance in Suaeda fruticosa at various phenological stages with varying levels of soil salinity of the selected districts via determining ion accumulation, growth response, osmolyte accumulation, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Randomized complete block design in the selected districts was used with plots sized 6 m × 9 m², having 5 rows that were 2 m long and 30 cm apart, in triplicate. Suaeda fruticosa maintained its chlorophyll a/b ratio even at the greater electrical conductivity of rhizospheric soil at Peshawar, which is indicative of its better adaptability. For Suaeda fruticosa it has been concluded that the species collected from District Peshawar exhibited a significant increase in contents of sugar, proline, and protein as compared to the species collected from other districts, whereas superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and carotenoid content was maximum for the species collected from District Mardan.     

盐生植物的生态环境意义研究

随着我国人口的不断增长、工业发展,污染问题愈来愈严重,可直接利用的土地资源相对有限,环境问题越来越引起重视.随着各类资源的勘探和开发,现有的可耕土地和可建土地均为极其宝贵且有限的资源.研究了盐生植物的生态环境意义,为生态环境的保护和改善提供了理论依据.     

盐碱胁迫对枸杞生长及根际适应能力的影响

通过水培试验研究不同盐碱胁迫条件对枸杞生长以及根际pH值和电导率的影响。结果表明:枸杞在含有NaCl的营养液中培养,随着NaCl浓度的升高,枸杞的株高、鲜质量和干质量减少,根系对根际的pH值和电导率调节能力减弱;此外,枸杞能够在1.4%NaCl水培条件下生长,1.6%NaCl以上水培条件会导致枸杞落叶直至死亡。     

天津滨海地区的盐生植物与盐生植被景观

天津滨海地区具有丰富的盐生植物资源,对其所构成的盐生植被的研究不仅有利于资源的保护,而且有利于滨海盐碱地改良与植被景观的可持续利用。本文在滨海自然盐生植物资源调查的基础上,归纳了滨海盐生植物多样性组成,分析了典型盐生植被景观的构成及特征。结果显示:本区盐生植物约22科,40余种;典型盐生植被景观有盐生荒漠景观、盐生沼泽景观、盐生灌丛景观和盐生草甸景观;最后提出保护与保留典型盐生植被景观、开展盐生植被演替过程的研究以及丰富木本耐盐植物的建议。     

黄河三角洲高等抗盐植物资源

通过文献检索,对分布于黄河三角洲地区的盐生植物进行分类统计,同时对盐生植物用途进行归类分析.该研究为下一步调查黄河三角洲盐生植物种类和分布情况提供保障,同时为黄河三角洲生态环境改良奠定基础.     

黄河三角洲地区盐生植物海蓬子的开发利用

报道了黄河三角洲地区盐生植物海蓬子的利用价值,并提出了保护和开发利用建议。     

Physiological Roles of Betacyanin in a Halophyte,Suaeda japonica Makino

Abstract: Halophytes can be used as a crop on salinized agricultural land. Suaeda japonica Makino is an annual highly salt-tolerant plant, that inhabits salt marshes in the Ariake Sea, Japan. Accompanying growth, leaves of S. japonica change from green to red with accumulation of a red pigment, betacyanin. To elucidate the physiological roles of betacyanin in S. japonica, we tested the antioxidant capacity of purified betacyanin and leaf extracts containing different levels of betacyanin under oxidative-stress conditions. The assay with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) showed that the purified betacyanin had antioxidant activity. H₂O₂-induced protein oxidation of the leaf extracts was prevented by the addition of betacyanin. The antioxidant enzyme activity decreased in the red leaves, but the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress marker in the red leaves was nearly the same as that in the green leaves. Betacyanin synthesis was induced under photoinhibition-inducible conditions of low temperature and high-intensity light. These results indicate that betacyanin serves as an antioxidant in S. japonica and that the leaf reddening of this species is a key adaptive strategy for coping with the harsh environmental conditions in salt marshes of the Ariake Sea.     

过量表达甜菜BvNHX1基因提高拟南芥的耐盐性

Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白调节细胞内的离子平衡,在植物耐盐性起重要的作用。为了研究甜菜液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白BvNHX1基因在植物耐盐中的作用,构建了植物表达载体pROKⅡ-BvNHX1转化拟南芥.在含有卡纳霉素的培养基上筛选转化子,并利用Southern和Northern杂交技术检测,进一步证实BvNHX1基因已整合到拟南芥基因组并能正常转录。选取纯合转基因株系进行耐盐性分析实验表明,过量表达BvN-HX1基因的拟南芥在种子萌发和苗期都提高了植株耐盐性,盐处理下转基因植株的鲜重、干重以及地上部分Na+、K+含量均高于野生型对照。结果表明过量表达BvNHX1基因提高了转基因拟南芥的耐盐能力。