0.1%氯吡脲可溶性液剂对西瓜产量和品质的影响

0.1%氯吡脲可溶性液剂50 mg/kg、45 mg/kg、40 mg/kg(毫克/公斤)(有效含量)涂抹西瓜雌花果柄可显著提高西瓜座果率,从而提高西瓜产量,同时在一定程度上可增加西瓜的含糖量和维生素C的含量.     

Change in flower morphology of Torenia fournieri Lind. induced by forchlorfenuron application

We induced various flower morphologies in torenia (Torenia fournieri Lind.) by the application of forchlorfenuron (CPPU). Those morphologies were the combination of four basic morphological changes, the development of serrate petals, incised petals, a paracorolla, and an increased number of floral organs. These morphological changes occurred systematically depending on the floral stage at the time of CPPU application. Serrate petals were induced when CPPU was applied during the stages of corolla development, whereas application at younger stages induced petal incision. The serrate petal margin resulted from preferential proliferation of cells around the vascular bundles, whereas petal incision likely resulted from the lateral outgrowths of petal. A paracorolla was induced at the adaxial petal face when CPPU was applied between the sepal development stage and early corolla development. The paracorolla appears to have arisen from the lateral outgrowths of the stamen. The numbers of stamens, petals, and sepals increased when CPPU was applied at and before the differentiation of sex organs and the corolla. Enlargement of the floral meristem probably caused this increase. Application of N⁶-benzylaminopurine and zeatin did not induce these morphological changes.     

不同授粉方式对丝瓜产量及品质的影响

为了筛选适合海南冬季丝瓜的授粉方式,以泰国丝瓜为试验对象,研究了不同授粉方式对丝瓜座果率 果实性状产量及品质的影响,结果表明院与其他授粉方式相比氯吡脲授粉能极显著提高丝瓜座果率可达97%并 能极显著提高丝瓜产量,比对照高31.7%且对丝瓜品质无影响。     

氯吡脲对西瓜重要农艺性状的影响及安全性评价

为了探明西瓜生产中氯吡脲使用的关键控制点,以‘中科1号’和‘中科6号’2个西瓜品种为试材,采用7个不同剂量的氯吡脲在开花当天涂抹瓜胎,分析西瓜坐果率、裂瓜率、番茄红素和糖含量等重要农艺性状,并评价氯吡脲的使用剂量及其安全性。结果表明,氯吡脲施药剂量与西瓜坐果率和裂瓜率呈显著正相关,西瓜中番茄红素含量与葡萄糖和果糖含量呈显著正相关,适量的氯吡脲可以提高西瓜坐果率,增加番茄红素和葡萄糖含量。‘中科1号’和‘中科6号’西瓜上使用氯吡脲的最佳剂量均为5 mg·kg^-1。待西瓜成熟时,在2个西瓜品种的果实中均未检出氯吡脲残留,不影响消费者安全食用。研究结果可为西瓜生产中氯吡脲合理使用提供技术支撑,为引导消费提供科学依据。     

氯吡脲在猕猴桃和土中的消解动态与残留测定

采用高效液相色谱法定量分析氯吡脲在猕猴桃和土中的消解动态与最终残留。氯毗脲在猕猴桃和土中的添加回收率分别为82．9％-91．3％和85．2％～94．5％,相对标准偏差分别为1．2％-2．2％和0．9％-2．7％。氯吡脲的最低检出量为2×10^30g,在猕猴桃和土中的最低检测浓度为0．01mg／kg。氯吡脲在猕猴桃和土中的消解动态与最终残留显示,氯吡脲在猕猴桃中的半衰期为4．8—8．4d,在土中的半衰期为8．8～12．7d,0．1％氯吡脲可溶性液剂以有效成分20-30mg／kg蘸猕猴桃幼果1次,药后30d猕猴桃中氯吡脲残留量未超过0．04mc／kg（MRL值）,是安全的。     

不同授粉方式对设施厚皮甜瓜果实品质的影响

比较了蜜蜂授粉、人工授粉及氯吡脲喷花对设施厚皮甜瓜果实品质的影响。结果表明：蜜蜂授粉、氯吡脲喷花与人工授粉相比,可以显著提高厚皮甜瓜的单瓜质量、果实纵径、横径、果肉厚以及果实中葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的含量。但是,采用氯吡脲喷花显著降低了种子中可溶性糖含量及千粒重,明显减少了果实中风味物质的种类和含量。氯吡脲喷花后 30 d果实中的氯吡脲残留量仅为 0.62 μg · kg^-1,残留量在安全范围之内。因此,采用蜜蜂授粉可以显著改善果实品质,是设施甜瓜实现安全、优质、高效生产的重要配套技术之一。     

设施甜瓜3种授粉方式的效果比较

采用蜜蜂授粉、人工授粉及氯吡脲化学授粉3种方式为设施甜瓜授粉,并对他们的效果进行比较分析。结果表明:蜜蜂授粉坐果率与氯吡脲授粉及人工授粉相当;蜜蜂授粉能显著提高果实的维生素含量、瓜腔宽度和单瓜质量。蜜蜂授粉技术可作为甜瓜设施栽培的综合配套技术加以推广应用。     

CPPU application on size and quality of hardy kiwifruit

For the purpose of determining the appropriate conditions of application to increase the size of a hardy kiwifruit, Actinidia arguta ‘Mitsuko’, N₁-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N₃-phenylurea (CPPU) was applied at three different growth stages of the crop: at petal fall, 10 and 25 days after petal fall (DAPF), and three different concentrations: 1, 5 and 10 mg l⁻¹. A significant increase in fruit size was obtained by treatment at the concentrations of 5–10 mg l⁻¹ and at 10 DAPF. The fruit weight doubled. Although a significant reduction in the concentrations of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acids (TA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) in the CPPU-treated fruits was recorded, the TSS/TA ratio and AsA content per fruit increased by the treatment. CPPU application at petal fall induced abnormally protruding fruit tip.     

施用氯吡脲和多效唑改良山药的品质

山药是重要的药食两用作物,其品质高低与其药用价值密切相关。本研究采用通用旋转组合设计植物生长调节剂氯吡脲和多效唑配施的13个组合,并结合SPSS13．0统计软件分析不同氯吡脲和多效唑组合喷施对山药品质的影响。结果表明,氯吡脲和多效唑单施或配施均能改善山药品质,配施效果更明显。在最适浓度范围,即氯吡脲为27～33mg／kg,多效唑为550～700mg/kg时,块茎干物质、蛋白质、淀粉及皂苷含量分别比对照提高7．02％、3．71％、4．87％和0．009％,可溶性糖含量稍有下降,为0．37％。本研究结果将为山药的优质栽培提供参考。     

三种植物生长调节剂对不同葡萄品种果实生长影响

研究植物生长调节剂赤霉酸、氯吡脲及保美灵对夏黑、阳光玫瑰、绍兴一号、金手指四种不同葡萄品种的花序拉长、叶绿素含量、果实外观品质及可溶性固形物的影响。结果表明：通过使用浓度为5mg/L的赤霉酸、15mg/L赤霉酸和2mg/L氯吡脲、25mg/L赤霉酸和3mg/L氯吡脲加5000倍保美灵对不同葡萄品种不同生长时期进行处理,其明显促进葡萄花序、果穗的伸长、叶片叶绿素含量提高、促进果实膨大,提高产量,对内在品质影响不太,对夏黑葡萄品种处理效果最佳。