MENSURATION OF THE NORMAL PITUITARY GLAND FROM MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES IN 96 DOGS

The pituitary gland was measured from transverse magnetic resonance T1-weighted images after Gadolinium administration in 96 dogs weighing from 13 to 45 kg. The measurements were done by hand with calipers. The mean (+/- standard deviation) pituitary gland height was 5.1 mm (+/-0.9 mm). The mean width was 6.4 mm (+/- 1.1 mm). The correlation coefficient between pituitary and brain measurements, between pituitary measurement and body weight, and brain measurements and body weight was 0.0 to 0.3. A hyperintense region was present on T1-weighted images in the center of the pituitary gland in 64% of the dogs. At necropsy the pituitary glands were grossly and histologically normal. No pituitary gland measurements were performed at necropsy.     

Analysis of a Long-term Experiment with Repeated-measurement Models

Long‐term experiments are a classical case of repeated measurements. Traits are measured on the same experimental unit over many years so that correlations arise between the observations made on the same plot in consecutive years. This paper describes the analysis of a three‐crop‐rotation long‐term experiment. We analysed the yields of the crops and the organic carbon content in the topsoil over 30 consecutive years. Several variance–covariance approaches are discussed and the trait‐specific best fit is interpreted. Mixed models are used to describe the structure of the experiment. Both yields and soil organic carbon show a more or less pronounced variance heterogeneity. Especially for yields, the heterogeneity of cycles and years is dominant. The consideration of correlations results in a better model fit in all cases.     

天津滨海盐土的脱盐碱化及其防治

天津滨海盐土在长期治理过程中由于盐土的脱盐碱化，以及缺少有机肥料和低矿化（高钠）碱性水灌溉等原因，已出现了程度不等的碱化土壤。试验表明，应用有机无机改土剂和增施有机肥、深耕深翻、咸淡水混合灌溉等农艺措施，并与工程措施、生物措施相结合进行综合治理，能收到明显的改良效果。     

Analysis of Measurement Items Composition under Bills Pricing Mode

This paper analyzes contractor's pricing connotation during bidding period with the implementation of National Standard GB50500-2003 and publish of document JB \206,expatiates the contents of measurements during construction period.Considering the problems derived from expenses of measurements during accounts settlement stage,a classified management method according to the characteristics of these measurements is put forward,and one step further,the rational pricing method of measurement items during the bidding period is suggested.     

The quality of service provided by the irrigation department to the users associations, Tunuyan System, Mendoza, Argentina

The quality of service provided by the provincial Irrigation Department (DGI) to the Water Users Associations (UA), and subsequently by the UA's to the related water users, is based on the provincial water law. The intended volume of water being delivered per considered period further depends on the water availability and on the (crop irrigation) water requirements. The Service Level (SL) compares the intended water supply with the water supply that would be required to supply the entire irrigable area with sufficient water. As soon as the intended water delivery pattern is set, the measured actual delivery can be assessed against the intention. Several performance indicators are used in this context. Based on the assessment of the Water Delivery Performance Ratio and the Overall Consumed Ratio recommendations are made on changes which can be made to improve water use and reduce problems of waterlogging.     

便携式猪肉阻抗谱检测系统研制

基于生物阻抗谱检测原理,设计并实现了一个非破坏性的便携式肉品阻抗谱检测系统,主要包括信号发生单元和检测单元,信号源能够在0.1～250 kHz范围内自动扫频,检测单元由检测电极和增益、相位检测器构成。探讨了检测电极设计方案,比较分析了六钢针电极和四针石墨电极的性能,同时通过试验证明了系统的稳定性,1 kHz以上系统的变异系数CV＜6%;以组内相关系数ICC来评定在不同温度下系统的可靠性,系统模型中Ri、Re、C的ICC均大于65%,系统稳定可靠。选取猪肉样品进行了新鲜度指标与阻抗谱关系的初步研究,结果表明随着猪肉新鲜程度改变,猪肉复阻抗值、复阻抗实部值、复阻抗虚部值以及特征频率都表现出减小的趋势。     

矩形节流阀片可调油气弹簧旁通阀流量设计研究

给出了油气弹簧结构原理图,通过油气弹簧活塞与活塞杆的受力分析,对油气弹簧的承压面进行了研究,可知油气弹簧的阻尼力与油气弹簧活塞和油气弹簧缸筒内径之间的环形面积有关,对矩形节流阀片建立了力学模型,对矩形节流阀片的弯曲变形进行了分析,并在此基础上对油气弹簧的开阀速度、开阀压力以及油气弹簧流量进行了探讨,根据旁通阀打开所设计油气弹簧阻尼比,对旁通阀打开后可调油气弹簧的最大开阀速度和开阀压力进行了分析,对旁通阀的流量进行了研究和分析,最后对可控油气弹簧进行了阻力特性试验。可知,旁通阀最大流量设计方法正确的,利用控制电流可以实现对可调油气弹簧阻尼特性的控制。     

一种采用无线数据传输方式的储粮仓群测温系统

基于无线收发芯片和1-Wire总线数字温度传感器,实现了可进行无线数据传输的大型储粮仓群温度监测系统。该系统包括主机和信号采集分机,主机负责管理每个粮仓的温度信号采集分机,定时或根据操作者指令向分机发出数据传输指令,各个粮仓分机根据收到的指令进行温度数据的传输。该系统在继承了全数字粮仓测温系统硬件结构简单、安装及维修方便等优点的基础上,实现了测温数据的无线传输,适于在大型分散式储粮仓群以及不便于布线的粮库中应用。     

Calibration and validation of optical chlorophyll‐measuring devices for use in predicting crude protein concentration in tropical grass herbage

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the Fieldscout CM 1000 NDVI and Yara N‐Tester as easy‐to‐use and cost‐effective tools for predicting foliar chlorophylls (a, b and total) and crude protein (CP) concentrations in herbage from three tropical grass species. Optical chlorophyll measurements were taken at three stages (4, 8 and 12 weeks) of regrowth maturity in Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) and Mulato II (Brachiaria hybrid) and at 6 and 12 weeks maturity in Paspalum spp (Paspalum atratum). Grass samples were harvested subsequent to optical measurements for laboratory analysis to determine CP and solvent‐extractable chlorophylls (a, b and total) concentrations. Optical chlorophyll measurements and CP concentrations were highly correlated (Yara N‐Tester: r² = 0·77–0·89; Fieldscout CM 1000 NDVI: r² = 0·52–0·84). Crude protein prediction models from the Yara N‐Tester and Fieldscout CM 1000 NDVI accounted for 70–89% and 44–73% CP variability, respectively, in Mulato II and Guinea grass. The Yara N‐tester produced more accurate and reliable CP estimates based on very high concordance correlation coefficient [CCC (0·73–0·91)] and low rMSPE, mean and regression bias. It is concluded that the Yara N‐Tester produces more accurate and reliable CP estimates of tropical pastures.     

浅谈推算和预测宏观尺度土壤N_2O释放量的方法

土壤是N2 O的最主要释放源 .本文综述了根据局部地区土壤N2 O释放观察结果 ,推算和预测宏观尺度土壤甚至全球土壤N2 O释放通量变化和年释放量的方法 ,评述了各类方法的优缺点 ;并着重讨论了释放过程机理模型的应用 .