褪黑素对秦艽原生质体抗UV-B环境胁迫的作用

为探讨褪黑素对UV-B辐射后的秦艽原生质体的影响,本研究采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测秦艽原生质体DNA损伤程度,选取尾部DNA含量(TailDNA％)作为DNA损伤程度的分析指标.MEL以0、1、10 μmol·L-1的终浓度加入原生质体悬液中,UV-B辐射处理的辐照度为0,5 W·m-2.试验分2组:1)原生质体分别用UV-B辐射处理不同的时间(0、5、10、30、60、120 s),暗培养60 min后电泳.2)原生质体被UV-B照射40 s后,分别暗培养不同时间(0、1、2、3、4、6h),再电泳.结果显示在5～30 s的时间内,辐射时间越长,Tail DNA％越高,相同的辐射时间下,MEL浓度越高,TailDNA％越低;在1～6 h培养时间内,MEL处理的样品,TailDNA％值均低于阳性对照组,并且TailDNA％值的大小与所处理的MEL的浓度呈反比关系.由此可见褪黑素降低了UV-B辐射诱导的植物原生质体DNA损伤程度,促进DNA损伤的修复.本试验应用SCGE技术,进一步揭示了MEL在植物抗环境胁迫中所起到的促进作用.     

八仙花组织培养繁殖技术

以八仙花的茎段、茎尖、叶片为外植体,在MS培养基中加入不同质量分数的6-苄基腺嘌呤（6-BA）和吲哚丁酸（IBA）进行增殖培养.结果表明：适宜八仙花外植体表面灭菌的方法是利用0.1%氯化汞（HgC l2）灭菌7 m in;不同类型的八仙花外植体在初代培养时的增殖效果不同,茎尖在培养过程中首先伸长生长,然后陆续长出侧芽,表明八仙花的茎尖是比较适合用来进行增殖培养的外植体;继代培养以MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg.L-1＋IBA0.12 mg.L-1为较适宜的增殖培养基;侧芽在1/2 MS＋IBA 0.2 mg.L-1培养基中生根率和单苗根数量均较高,说明1/2 MS＋IBA 0.2 mg.L-1为较好的不定根诱导培养基.     

金沙江干热河谷3种阔叶树育苗试验

将新银合欢、大叶相思和羽叶山黄麻的种子作酸蚀3,6,12 m in及水浸-凉水浸泡24 h、50℃温水浸烫浸泡24 h、开水浸烫浸泡24 h处理.处理后的种子室内和场圃发芽情况表明:酸蚀适用于3树种,酸蚀3水平对种子发芽率影响差异显著,效应为6 m in>12 m in>3 m in;而水浸3个水平对种子发芽影响差异不明显;3树种处理最优组合(A1B2C2,A2B2C3和A3B2C1)种子发芽率分别达90.0%,84.3%,76.4%.处理与不处理种子培育的苗木苗期和初植幼树生长情况表明:上述种子处理方法对苗木和幼树的生长无不良影响.     

大叶千斤拔—云南热区优良牧草种质资源

大叶千斤拔广泛分布于云南热区,其生态适应范围广,抗逆性强,是云南省热区值得开发利用的豆科灌木类优良牧草种质资源,同时,也是热区重要的水土保持植物和绿肥资源。     

6种千斤拔不同生育期的营养价值分析

测定了腺毛千斤拔、宽叶千斤拔、海南千斤拔、球穗千斤拔、大叶千斤拔Ⅰ、大叶千斤拔Ⅱ的粗蛋白质（CP）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、粗脂肪（EE）、粗灰分（Ash）含量,以探讨其养分含量随生育期的变化动态。结果表明,各种养分含量随生育期的推移而变化,其变化趋势因千斤拔种类而异,但峰值多出现在开花期和结荚期。6种叶片的CP平均含量为18.55％,ADF为38.66％,NDF为47.10％,EE为3.75％,Ash为5.35％。总体来看,千斤拔叶片具有较高的营养价值,其营养价值的高低和生长发育有关。     

The performance of the leaf mulches ofLeucaena leucocephala,Flemingia macrophylla andGliricidia sepium in weed control

The performance of the leaf mulches ofLeucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium andFlemingia macrophylla in weed control has been tested in two trials. The length of the period during which a mulch layer yields significantly less weedbiomass compared to the control plots is called the ‘effective life-span’ of the mulch. Of the three mulch materials only that ofF. macrophylla shows promise in retarding weed development. In the second trialF. macrophylla leaf mulch was applied at rates of 3, 6 and 9 tons dry matter per ha. The effective lifespan of a mulch layer of 3 tons is between 12 and 13 weeks. The treatments 6 and 9 tons have effective life-spans of over 14 weeks. For moderate quantities (up to 5 tons of dry leaf mulch per ha) the effective life-span is estimated at about a 100 days. The value of mulching in weed control is limited to the control of weed species that multiply by seed. Regrowth originating from roots or stumps from former vegetation is unlikely to be checked by a mulch layer. The subject of this paper is part of a broader study, presently conducted in Southern Ivory Coast, on the production, agronomical value and use in alley-cropping systems of the species mentioned in the title of the paper. A final report is scheduled for publication in 1988.     

Nutrient composition of the leaf biomass of three selected woody leguminous species

In order to assess the value of leaf biomass the foliar nutrient content of Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium and Flemingia macrophylla was studied under field conditions. In total 5 series of leaf samples were collected and analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium content over a period of 42 months of growth observation. Results are compared with mean values derived from a literature study. Factors contributing to the variation observed are discussed and suggestions towards variation control are made.     

八仙花扦插繁殖技术

通过对八仙花繁殖与栽培的试验研究，总结出了一套较为规范的八仙花温室扦插及插后栽培管理技术。     

八仙花萼片有色原生质体游离及应用

为建立八仙花（Hydrangea macrophylla）有色原生质体游离体系,以八仙花萼片为试验材料,分别对材料的预处理方式、酶液组分、酶解时间、纯化离心力等影响酶解的关键因素进行研究。结果表明, 预处理方式选择分离花萼片上下表皮法,纤维素酶和离析酶水平分别为4%和0.4%（质量体积分数）,甘露醇0.6 mol·L^-1,酶解液加热冷却后加入 0.1%（质量体积分数）BSA和10 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂,酶解2 h,低温离心机4 ℃、1 426 r·min^-1离心5 min,为最优的八仙花萼片原生质体游离条件。利用所建的原生质体游离体系对4个不同品种的八仙花萼片进行有色原生质体游离,200× 镜下单视野内可获得13~35个有色的原生质体;对有色原生质体进行液泡的H⁺流测定,发现蓝色液泡较粉色液泡H⁺流的外排趋势明显,说明同一八仙花品种蓝色液泡的pH高于粉色液泡。     

Changes in mineral nitrogen, phosphorus availability and salt-extractable aluminium following the application of green manure residues in two weathered soils of South Vietnam

Phosphorus deficiency and aluminium toxicity in weathered soils can be amended by applying organic residues. Nitrogen mineralization, changes in P-availability and changes in salt-extractable Al following the incorporation of residues of various green manures (Flemingia congesta, Mucuna pruriens, Pueraria phaseoloides, Tithonia diversifolia) were quantified in a field core incubation experiment. Dried residues were added at an application rate of 45 kg P ha⁻¹ to two soils representative for the main soil groups of the South Vietnamese uplands, set up in incubation cores in an experimental field near Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Decomposition of the residues proceeded at high rates. Mineralized nitrogen from the residues was recovered mainly as ammonium during the first 2 weeks of incubation. Nitrogen release from Tithonia residues with the highest lignin content and lignin:N ratio occurred more gradually compared to the three legumes. Resin-extractable P was significantly increased by residue treatments. Largest and sustained increases in resin-extractable P (0.67 and 2.06 mg P kg⁻¹ in the two soils) were observed in samples amended with Tithonia, which was related to the large P-content (0.37%) and small C:P ratio (110) of the residues. The P-concentration in the residues, rather than the total amount of P applied through the residues, affected the increase in P-availability. The increase in resin-extractable P was correlated to the P-content (R=0.64) and C:P ratio (R=−0.65) of the residues. Salt-extractable Al-concentrations were considerably reduced by the organic amendments, up to 70 and 50% in the two soils. At the rate of 45 kg P ha⁻¹, no significant differences between the residue treatments to reduce soil acidity were observed.As such, the application of high quality residues that are rich in P, in particular T. diversifolia, may enhance crop production by creating favourable soil conditions during the initial stages of plant development of the main crop.