内蒙古高原紫花苜蓿土壤氮素丰缺指标和推荐施氮量

为了给内蒙古高原紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）测土施氮奠定科学基础，本研究采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法”新应用公式，开展了该自然区域紫花苜蓿土壤氮素丰缺指标和推荐施氮量研究。结果表明：内蒙古高原生长第1年紫花苜蓿土壤碱解氮第1~6级丰缺指标为≥48，20~48，8~20，4~8，2~4和<2 mg·kg^-1，土壤全氮第1~5级丰缺指标为≥1.4，0.8~1.4，0.4~0.8，0.2~0.4和<0.2 g·kg^-1，土壤有机质第1~6级丰缺指标为≥17，10~17，6~10，3~6，2~3和<2 g·kg^-1。当紫花苜蓿目标产量9~18 t·hm^-2、氮肥利用率40%时，内蒙古高原紫花苜蓿第1~6级土壤推荐施氮量分别为0，68~135，135~270，203~405，270~540和338~675 kg·hm^-2。     

An evaluation of the Olsen test as a measure of plant-available phosphorus in grassland soils derived from basalt parent material

Abstract. Anecdotal and circumstantial evidence have suggested that the Olsen test underestimates plant-available phosphorus (P) in basaltic soils in Northern Ireland. Therefore, the ability of this test to predict plant-available P in basaltic (and non-basaltic) soils was investigated by regressing Olsen-P data against herbage P indices calculated from plant tissue test data using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system. The average Olsen-P concentration for a range of fields situated on basaltic soils was considerably lower than the average Olsen-P concentration for a range of fields situated on non-basaltic soils, and yet mean sward P status, as given by the herbage P indices, was similar for both groups of fields. Herbage P indices were also much better correlated with Olsen-P measurements in non-basaltic soils than in basaltic soils. Furthermore, at low Olsen-P values (≶9mgPL⁻¹) some swards on basaltic soils were genuinely deficient in P, while others were sufficient or even in surplus for this nutrient. The results confirm that Olsen-P is inadequate as a predictor of plant-available P in basaltic soils. It is concluded that an alternative soil test is needed to provide a reliable assessment of plant-available P in basaltic soils, to prevent overuse of fertilizer and manure P and to minimize the amounts of P entering local watercourses.     

肥料致害原因、机理及防治对策

从施肥方式和肥料自身问题2个方面详细综述了肥料致害的类别、机理、表征及防治对策，以期在肥料监管体系并不完善的大环境下给肥料生产企业合法经营提供一定的科学参考和理论依据，并为农民朋友们远离肥害、避免粮食产量蒙受损失指点迷津。     

Study on Site-specific Nutrient Management in Cotton Field

The study on the characteristics of spatial variability of soil nutrients and fertilizer recommendations in cotton field under certain conditions of agricultural management was conducted with GIS and systematic approach for soil nutrient constrains. The results showed that of the spatial variability of soil nutrient was greatly related to the management condition of previous crops. Grid sampling and variable rate application technology (VRAT) were the tools that would hopefully increase fertilizer efficiency. The fertilizers were applied where they were needed and at proper rate. Balance fertilization demonstration showed that fertilizer recommendations according to the available nutrient level in soil could decrease fertilizer cost with 657.4 yuan / ha and increase seed cotton yield by 19.8%. A net profit of the balanced fertilization was 5314.9 yuan / ha higher than that of local fertilization practice.     

稀土肥料对紫花苜蓿产草量影响的研究

通过7种稀土肥料处理对二年龄和三年龄苜蓿产草量的影响研究,结果表明不同稀土肥料对紫花苜蓿的增产效果差异显著,其中大丰收(氨基酸螯合稀土)、植物全营养素(巨源)、常乐益植素对苜蓿产量的提高效果最显著,稀土磷肥增产不明显。     

Effect of Integration of Fertilizer and Green Manure Nitrogen on Yield Attributes, Nitrogen Uptake and Yield of Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, India, during the wet seasons of 1992 and 1993 to study the effect of full and partial substitution of fertiliser N with green manure N (Sesbania rostrata) on nitrogen uptake, yield attributes and yield of rice. The experiment consisted of eight treatments with two levels of N (100 and 200 kg ha⁻¹) and three sources of N application viz., fertilizer, integrated (1:1 fertilizer and green manure N) and green manure N compared to the recommended practice (150 kg fertilizer plus 6.25 t ha⁻¹ (72 kg N) green manure) and a no N control. Nitrogen application markedly increased the N uptake. Combined use of the two N sources at 200 and 222 kg N ha⁻¹ and of single fertilizer N at 200 kg N ha⁻¹ recorded the maximum N uptake, increased the yield attributes such as number of panicles per unit area, weight per panicle, number of total and filled grains per panicle and test weight. At 200 kg N ha⁻¹ full substitution of N by green manure reduced the grain yield but only partial substitution of N by green manure resulted in almost similar yield as single fertilizer N. Thus 200 kg N ha⁻¹ applied in equal proportions of fertilizer and green manure N can be recommended for medium duration rice cultivars.     

灭菌肥Ⅰ型涂治苹果树腐烂病效果

试验于１９９２～１９９４年在山东和北京的６个地区，１４个苹果园进行。田间试验表明，用灭菌肥Ⅰ型５０倍液涂治苹果树腐烂病患处，平均治愈率可达９０％以上，比对照２％福美砷当年平均治愈率提高７．２２─２９．５１％，周年平均治愈率提高１８．０５％～３２．３９％，愈伤组织宽度增加３．０３％～２９．２３％。室内试验表明，灭菌肥Ⅰ型最低抑菌剂量１０００倍，抑菌面积可达２２８９．０６ｍｍ２。     

京郊露地蔬菜平衡施肥产量和养分数据库的建立

蔬菜施肥推荐需要了解作物的养分需求和收获部分带走的养分量。根据京郊地区露地蔬菜生产的调查结果,结合已有的相关文献和专家意见,建立了京郊露地主要栽培蔬菜的包括目标产量、经济产量、残茬产量、养分需求量、经济产量部分养分含量、作物残茬养分含量等内容的数据库。     

不同肥料对毛竹冬笋品质特征的影响

连续使用3种不同肥料3年后对冬笋品质特征影响的研究结果表明：蛋白质平均含量的百分比比对照减少0.2～0.35,还原米糖含量的百分比比对照减少0.05～0.12,脂肪平均含量中只有处理C的百分比比对照减少0.1,可溶性固形物的含量没有明显变化均为7.5%,粗纤维含量的百分比比对照增加0.07～0.1,砷（As）含量为绿色食品控制标准的12%～20%,铅（Pb）含量为绿色食品控制标准的51%～97%,镉（Cd）含量为绿色食品控制标准的58%～74%。     

淮安区水稻测土配方施肥配方校正与示范对比试验报告

为验证肥料配方的准确性,发挥配方肥料施用的最大效益。通过田间校验,示范对比测土配方施肥的增产效果,进一步验证并完善淮安区的肥料配方,优化测土配方施肥技术参数。