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三峡库区柑桔林水土保持效益分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对三峡库区2种不同建园方式的柑桔林,从建园开始连续9年定位观测柑桔林水土流失情况,结果表明,梯田柑桔林径流系数在0.047~0.153之间,径流含沙量在425~2170g/m3之间,侵蚀模数在9.37~116.67g/m2之间。25°坡地柑桔林径流系数在0.079~0.378之间,径流含沙量在500~5 050 g/m3之间,侵蚀模数在48.29~1 962.04g/m2之间。在建园初期4年内,25°坡地柑桔林径流系数、径流含沙量和侵蚀模数急剧下降,径流系数由0.378下降到0.103,径流含沙量由5050 g/m3下降到350g/m3,侵蚀模数由1 962.04g/m2下降到131.42 g/m2。4年后,覆盖度的增加有效的抵消了坡度对水土流失的影响,柑桔林覆盖度达到0.82,径流系数,径流含沙量和侵蚀模数分别为0.103~0.253,350~3404 g/m3、14.71~148.4g/m2,表现出较好的水土保持效益。 相似文献
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Abstract. Recent developments in in situγ ray spectrometry offer a new approach to measuring the activity of radionuclides such as 137Cs and 40K in soils, and thus estimating erosion or deposition rates and field moist bulk density (ρm). Such estimates would be rapid and involve minimal site disturbance, especially important where archaeological remains are present. This paper presents the results of a pilot investigation of an eroded field in Scotland in which a portable hyper pure germanium (HPGe) detector was used to measure γ ray spectra in situ. The gamma (γ) photon flux observed at the soil surface is a function of the 137Cs inventory, its depth distribution characteristics and ρm. A coefficient, QCs, derived from the forward scattering of 137Cs γ ray photons within the soil profile relative to the 137Cs full energy peak (662 keV), was used to correct the in situ calibration for changes in the 137Cs vertical distribution in the ploughed field, a function of tillage, soil accumulation and ρm. Based on only 8 measurements, the agreement between in situγ ray spectrometry and soil sample measurements of 137Cs inventories improved from a non significant r2=0.05 to a significant r2=0.62 (P<0.05). Erosion and deposition rates calculated from the corrected in situ137Cs measurements had a similarly good agreement with those calculated from soil cores. Mean soil bulk density was also calculated using a separate coefficient, QK, derived from the forward scattering γ photons from 40K within the soil relative to the 40K full energy peak (1460 keV). Again there was good agreement with soil core measurements (r2=0.64; P<0.05). The precision of the in situ137Cs measurement was limited by the precision with which QCs can be estimated, a function of the low 137Cs deposition levels associated with the weapons testing fallout and relatively low detector efficiency (35%). In contrast, the precision of the in situ ρm determination was only limited by the spatial variability associated with soil sampling. 相似文献
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Most of the soils of tropical countries are affected by erosion processes. As a result, much attention has been dedicated to the use of microorganisms to improve the geotechnical properties and stability of soils in the context of “bioengineering”. This work was carried out to analyze the effects of the use of a CaCO3 precipitating nutrient on native microbiota with the aim of mitigating the erosion processes in a tropical soil profile. We observed that the use of nutrient B4 enabled native bacteria present in the soil to precipitate calcium carbonate, resulting in improvements in the physical, chemical, mineralogical and mechanical properties of the soil, which allowed the mitigation of the erosion processes that characterize the soil profile studied. 相似文献
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The Dynamic Change of Soil Microorganism and Enzyme Activity in the Whole Procreative Process of the Tarim Island Cotton 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对塔里木海岛棉生育全程土壤微生物与酶活性的动态变化进行了检测,测试结果表明:(1)塔河种业高产海岛棉田土壤养分比塔河滩地高出6.58%~37.42%,特别是全钾、速效钾比塔河滩地高出29.02%~37.42%。(2)微生物数量变化呈现如下变化趋势:细菌类群在夏季有生长高峰,秋季略有回升;真菌在春季存在生长高峰,夏季处于低谷,秋季生物活性开始回升;放线菌生长高峰位于夏季,春秋季处于低谷。在土壤微生物区系构成中,细菌占据绝对优势,暗示土壤养分的转化主要靠细菌完成。(3)塔河种业高产海岛棉田土壤酶中的过氧化氢酶、 相似文献
7.
The influence of topsoil and fertilizer application on denuded road construction sites was evaluated to assess its contribution to improvement of vegetation re-establishment. the study sites were within a mixed hardwood and conifer forest on crushed, unweathered subsurface material with low fertility and low biological activity. Topsoils were removed from the site, stockpiled and reapplied to the site after construction. the effect of topsoil amendment on plant growth, soil fertility, mycorrhizal infection and an index of microbial biomass were measured in field and greenhouse experiments. Plant growth on the topsoil amended field plots were greatly increased relative to treatments with fertilizer but no topsoil. Three years after establishment, dry weight production on the plots without topsoil treatment was about 40 per cent of the plots treated with topsoil. Greenhouse experiments were designed to compare fresh, dried and stockpiled topsoil. These experiments indicated that storage of the harvested topsoil for five months in a stockpile had minor effects on plant growth, soil fertility, mycorrhizal infection and microbial biomass. Topsoil volumes had to exceed 20 per cent of the total soil volume to achieve statistically significant benefits and higher ratios showed greater benefit. the percentage of mycorrhizal infection was greatest in topsoil treatments without fertilizer. the addition of fertilizer increased growth but reduced the percentage of roots forming mycorrhizae. When the total weight of infected roots was calculated, however, infection was found to be greatest with a moderate level of fertilizer (equivalent to approximately 27 kg N ha−1 and 39 kg P ha−1), and was less in both higher fertilizer treatments and in unfertilized treatments. Topsoil amendment increased microbial biomass nitrogen but fertilizer treatment did not. 相似文献
8.
T. A. Quine A. Navas D. E. Walling J. Machin 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》1994,5(1):41-55
The semiarid regions of Spain, including the central part of the Ebro River basin, are under threat due to desertification. Severe erosion, as a result of poor land management, has led to degradation of the soil resource, and there is a clear need for quantitative erosion rate data to evaluate the problem. This study aimed to examine the potential for using caesium-137 to identify the patterns and rates of soil erosion and redistribution within this semiarid environment. Samples for the determination of caesium-137 were collected from uncultivated slopes and cultivated valley floor sites near the head and outlet of a small representative basin in the Las Bardenas area. The measured patterns of caesium-137 mobilization, redistribution and export provide a semiquantitative indication of the variation in erosion within the study site. Calibration of the caesium-137 measurements, taking account of the differing behaviour of radiocaesium on cultivated and uncultivated land, allows estimation of the actual rates of erosion and deposition involved. The results show (1) the erosion rates on the cultivated land (1.6–2.5 kg m−2 yr−1) are typically more than five times those seen on the uncultivated land (0.2–0.4 kg m−2 yr−1), and (2) erosion on the uncultivated land is significantly less severe at the head of the basin than at the outlet. Study of the vegetation cover suggests that lower growing shrubs and grasses may be more effective in reducing erosion in this environment than trees. 相似文献
9.
采用保护性耕作措施及其以根茬留田为主要的技术环节,论证了根茬留田的保土肥田效应。垄作少耕、根茬留田可以减轻水土流失,保护黑土层不受侵蚀,特别是干旱春季保墒效果良好,有利于一次播种保全苗,同时发挥着未腐解有机物的培肥效应;增强土壤生物活性,更新土壤中已渐老化的腐殖质,提高土壤保肥供肥性能,保持和增进地力。 相似文献
10.