用分析型透射电镜观测铁磁样品的研究

This paper demonstrats the observability criterion of the magnetic-material film electron metallo-graphy made by analytical transmission electron microscopy. We deal with successfully the observations of bearing steel metallo-graphy and high chromium east     

Taurine reduced oxygen free radical production induced by homocysteine in electron transport chain and homocysteine inhibites taurine transporter in mitochondria membrane

AIM: To observe effects of homocysteine and antagonized effects of taurine on electronic leakage and free radical production in myocardial mitochondria. METHODS: Myocardial mitochondria of rat heart was isolated, and was broken by supersonic wave to prepare submitochondria. Recombinant of succinic acid cytochrome c reductase was prepared with mitochondria of porcine heart. They were co-incubated with homocysteine and/or taurine with various concentration. The H₂O₂ and O₂^- were determined by chemiluminescence methods. The taurine transporter of heart mitochondria and its propert, and effects of homocysteine on its function were studied with glass filter. RESULTS: Homocysteine stimulated oxygen free radical production in heart mitochondria, submitochondria, and succinic acid cytochrome c in a concentration-dependent manner. Although taurine itself did not affect oxygen free radical production, taurine did inhibit oxygen free radical production in mitochondria, submitochondria and succinic acid cytochrome c in a concentration-dependent manner. Taurine transporters of Na⁺-dependent were existed in mitochondria membrane. Homocysteine inhibited taurine transtport in mitochondria in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: Taurine inhibited electronic leakage and oxygen free radical production induced by homocysteine in electron transport chain. There were taurine transporters in mitochondria membrane, and transport functions of taurine transporter were inhibited by homocysteine.     

鸭疫里氏杆菌形态特征的电镜观察

自鸭传染性浆膜炎的病死鸭中分离鉴定的鸭疫里氏杆菌(RA)Ⅰ、Ⅱ型两个菌株，用负染法和超薄切片法制备样品，于透射电镜下进行观察。结果观察到约占1／3的RA具有特殊的形态结构：在细菌的顶端或侧面有1～2个与菌体相连的芽状赘生物，有的也能从菌体上脱落下来。它在超薄切片中的大小约为菌体的1／3～1／5，能观察到其内部也具有类似菌体内部的结构。且具有类似菌体的“细胞壁”，类似于核体部分的结构位于“细胞壁”的一侧。而用相同的方法制作的鸭大肠杆菌(E．cozi)对照样品，却见不到这种特殊的形态结构。说明这种形态特征可能是RA特有的。     

几种胡敏酸还原容量的表征与比较

还原容量(RC)是衡量胡敏酸(HA)还原特性的重要指标。采用饱和H2振荡法和土壤溶液法对HA分别进行化学和微生物预处理,分别以硝酸铁(Fe(NO3)3)、柠檬酸铁(FeCit)作电子受体,测定了三种HA(上海巨枫SH,天津光复TJ,缙云山JY)的本底还原容量(NRC),化学还原容量(CRC),微生物还原容量(MRC)。对不同电子受体条件下、不同初始状态和不同种类的胡敏酸的RC进行比较。结果表明：三种HA中,以缙云山土壤提取的胡敏酸RC值最高,还原容量最大,分别为20.21?0.26mmolc mol-1C (NRC)、26.02?1.12mmolc mol-1C (CRC)和29.29?1.56mmolc mol-1C (MRC)。两种电子受体中,采用Fe(NO3)3得到的RC明显高于在FeCit条件下。另外,溶液态HA的RC明显高于固态。由此证明胡敏酸还原容量是一个相对量;其容量大小不仅和自身结构、性质有关,也受到HA初始形态和不同电子受体的影响。对比三个还原容量指标发现CRC和MRC显著大于NRC,而CRC和MRC之间无明确大小关系,因此用CRC来表征HA被微生物还原后的还原容量(MRC)还需作进一步验证。     

42个三角梅品种的花粉形态比较分析

采用扫描电镜对三角梅42个品种的花粉形态作观察,参考已发表的三角梅花粉育性的数据,探究花粉形态和花粉育性的联系。采集42个三角梅品种的花粉,人工干燥后进行电镜形态观察,采集3000倍下的近极面观、远极面观、赤道面观、侧面观以及10000倍下的外壁网脊等图片,确定三角梅不同品种花粉的整体外观形态。测定花粉的大小、萌发沟数量,对比不同品种和不同花粉部位的芽突数量。三角梅花粉呈现单侧凹陷、单侧突出的凸饼状结构,三角梅不同品种的花粉粒直径在21.64~31.14 μm之间。少数品种的萌发沟有3个,萌发沟少于3个的品种主要集中于花粉育性低的品种中。花粉表面网脊状褶皱,褶皱上芽突数量不等,不同品种有所差别。芽突数量与植株花粉育性关系密切,花粉育性高的品种花粉表面芽突数量多于花粉育性低的品种。花粉粒表面芽突数量减少,降低三角梅花粉的附着能力,这有可能是导致该品种花粉育性极低的原因之一。     

感染玉米粗缩病毒后玉米植株的超微结构病变研究

 对接种后感染玉米粗缩病毒 (MRDV)的玉米植株的叶片及侧根超微结构进行了电镜观察。研究结果表明 ,受侵染的玉米叶肉细胞中叶绿体的数量有所减少 ,细胞质丰富 ,细胞器发生了不同程度的病变。液泡膜发生明显内陷 ,随着病情的严重液泡膜内陷加剧 ,呈极度松弛状态 ,局部破裂 ;叶绿体被膜破裂 ,轻者成为一松弛的单膜结构 ,严重者被膜完全消失 ,叶绿体中的片层膜系统消失 ,取而代之的是大量淀粉粒。线粒体及细胞核形态异常 ,随着病害的加重 ,线粒体逐渐肿大 ,基粒缩小 ,膜破裂 ,类囊物流入细胞中 ,细胞膜破裂。在玉米植株的根部细胞中观察到了大量的病毒粒体 ,这些粒体大多集中在细胞壁处形成病毒质体。感病细胞的叶绿体、线粒体、核、质膜及胞间联丝中均未见病毒状颗粒     

稻田甲烷代谢及其对电子受体的响应

稻田是主要的甲烷排放源之一,其代谢过程及减排策略研究日益受到关注.本文综述了稻田甲烷代谢及其对电子受体响应的最新研究进展.结果表明,稻田甲烷代谢过程因环境条件的改变具有明显的变异性;电子受体主要是通过对甲烷产生和氧化的综合影响,最终控制着土壤甲烷排放;施肥和水分管理均会调节电子受体对甲烷代谢过程的影响.     

Changes in wettability of wood surface using electron beam irradiation

ABSTRACT

This study deals with the influence of electron beam irradiation (EBI) on the wettability of Norway spruce surface samples. To evaluate this possible effect in detail, the changes in chemistry and wood structure were analysed using the methods of IR spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The surface wettability was determined by the contact angle measurement method. The results of infrared spectra show decreased relative numbers of available hydrophilic groups (e.g. hydroxyl and carbonyl groups) in the wood surfaces due to the electron beam irradiation. This behaviour is consistent with the values from the surface wettability measurements. Structural differences of the wood surfaces after electron beam irradiation were not detectable. Based on these findings pre-treatment of wood surfaces for industrial usages can be a potential field of application of this technology.     

论电子商务中合同法的诚信原则

被誉为“帝王条款”的诚实信用原则,其在民法的地位是不言而喻的。它也是一项基本原则。然而在市场经济中,诚实信用问题却成为制约我国经济发展的瓶颈。本文从诚实信用原则在合同法中的内涵、功能及在电子商务合同法确立诚信原则的必要性做了全面论述。     

棉花皱缩花叶病的初步研究

2007年湖北荆州地区一些棉田棉花叶片上发生一种新的棉花病害,暂定名为棉花皱缩花叶病。通过症状描述、电镜观察和生物学接种对其进行了初步分析。结果显示:该病害症状疑似病毒病,但与已经报道的棉花病毒病症状都不相同。电镜观察显示,病株叶片汁液中存在4种杆状病毒颗粒,大小分别约是18nm×300nm、18nm×500nm、18nm×800nm、18nm×1100nm。生物学接种结果表明,该病不能经种子、棉蚜、烟粉虱、汁液摩擦4种方式传播。