DEHP对土壤脱氢酶活性及微生物功能多样性的影响

选用肥熟旱耕人为土(黄棕壤),设置了在土壤中施加100 mg kg-1 DEHP与不施加DEHP两个水平,盆栽试验研究了DEHP对土壤脱氢酶活性以及土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,以及植物在污染土壤中的修复作用。结果表明,施加DEHP显著抑制了土壤脱氢酶活性,30 d时与对照相比降低了约30%, 第60 d时尽管有缓慢的回升,但仍明显低于对照(p<0.05)。从BIOLOG反应的结果可以看出,DEHP也显著影响土壤微生物的功能多样性,土壤微生物群落的Shannon指数、Simpson指数、McIntosh指数和均度均显著低于无污染的对照,说明DEHP的污染导致了土壤微生物群落功能多样性的下降。种植植物对土壤脱氢酶和微生物活性有很明显的促进作用,并且在一定程度上缓解了DEHP的毒害作用,但并未消除DEHP对土壤微生物的影响。     

酞酸酯类增塑剂对土壤─作物系统的影响

本研究揭示了酞酸酯类增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（ＤＢＰ）和邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯（ＤＥＨＰ）在土壤中的持留动态,降解动力学特征及其对作物生长的影响。结果表明：试验温度越低,ＤＢＰ,ＤＥＨＰ的持留性越强;ＤＥＨＰ在土壤中的持留性受温度的影响程度比ＤＢＰ更为突出。随土壤水份含量增加,代停工物持留性降低,二者在土壤中的降解可用一级反应动力学方程Ｃ＝Ｃ０ｅ＾－ｋｔ进行描述（Ｃ０初始浓度,Ｋ速度常数,ｔ时间）。ＤＥ     

生物炭对土壤中DBP和DEHP微生物降解的影响

为了探明添加生物炭对土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯微生物降解的影响,选择DBP和DEHP作为目标污染物,通过室内模拟试验对添加生物炭土壤中DBP和DEHP的微生物降解规律进行了研究。结果表明,土壤中DBP和DEHP微生物降解过程符合一级动力学方程,半衰期分别为3.054、34.657 d,其降解速率的差异可能与邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的理化性质有关;随着生物炭添加量的增加,DBP的微生物降解速率呈降低趋势,而DEHP降解速率变化很小;与未添加生物炭的土壤相比,添加1.0%生物炭的土壤中DBP和DEHP的半衰期分别延长6.709、6.116 d,表明添加生物炭不利于土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯的微生物降解,可能与生物炭提高土壤对邻苯二甲酸酯的吸附能力导致其生物有效性降低有关。     

DEHP对土壤蚯蚓氧化胁迫及DNA损伤的研究

土壤环境中的酞酸酯污染日益严重,为了探讨和分析典型酞酸酯邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)对土壤动物的生态毒理效应,以赤子爱胜蚓为指示生物,暴露于DEHP浓度为CK、0.1、1、10、50 mg kg~(-1)人工土壤中,并于染毒后的7、14、21、28d取样测定。通过蚯蚓体内的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物(POD)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)等指标反映DEHP对蚯蚓的氧化激活程度,通过活性氧自由基(ROS)的含量反映DEHP对蚯蚓的细胞毒性,通过丙二醛(MDA)含量和Olive尾矩反映DEHP对蚯蚓的遗传毒性,从多个角度评价DEHP对蚯蚓的生态毒理效应。结果表明:(1)在DEHP的刺激下,各浓度组蚯蚓的SOD、CAT、POD、GST活性均呈激活状态,表明DEHP对蚯蚓的抗氧化酶有诱导作用;(2)DEHP影响蚯蚓的ROS含量,各染毒处理组与对照组相比均升高且差异性明显,表现出明显的剂量—效应关系;(3)对比各染毒处理组之间的数据,DEHP对蚯蚓MDA含量的影响无明显规律;(4)DEHP可使蚯蚓GST呈激活状态,表明中高浓度的DEHP对蚯蚓GST具有诱导作用;(5)DEHP能够引起蚯蚓体腔细胞DNA的损伤,且随着浓度的增加,Olive尾矩值随之增加,说明DNA损伤程度与DEHP浓度之间具有剂量-效应关系。从实验结果可以看出,DEHP可以对蚯蚓机体和DNA造成一定程度的损伤,表现出较强的生态毒理效应。     

Effect of a Large Dose of Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on Hepatic Peroxisome in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca Fascicularis)

To elucidate the effect of a large dose of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) agonist, on hepatic peroxisomes, we orally administered 1,000 mg/kg/day, once daily, to 3 male and 4 female cynomolgus monkeys for 28 days consecutively. Light-microscopic and electron microscopic examinations of the liver were carried out in conjunction with measurement of the hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation system (FAOS), carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activities, which are peroxisomal and/or mitochondrial enzyme activities. Electron microscopically, enlargement of the mitochondria was observed with lamellar orientation of the cristae along the major axis. Although the number of peroxisomes showed a tendency to increase when compared with those in a biopsied specimen before treatment, no abnormality in morphology was observed. A slight increase in CPT activity was noted at termination. No changes were noted in hepatic FAOS or CAT activity. In conclusion, although repeated oral treatment of cynomolgus monkeys with a large dose of DEHP induced a subtle increase in the numbers of peroxisomes with slight enlargements of the mitochondria, this low-sensitivity response to peroxisome proliferators in cynomolgus monkeys was considered to be closer to the response in humans than that in rodents.     

Effects of bisphenol A,diethylhexyl phthalate and pentabrominated diphenyl ether 99 on steroid synthesis in cultured bovine luteal cells

Bisphenol A (BPA), diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and pentabrominated diphenyl ether 99 (PBDE 99) are environmental toxicants belonging to the endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). They exert adverse effects on the various physiological systems, especially the reproductive system of humans and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BPA, DEHP and PBDE 99 on progesterone (P4) synthesis in cultured bovine luteal cells. The bovine luteal cells isolated from the mid-luteal corpora lutea were exposed to different concentrations of BPA (1, 3, 10 and 30 µM), DEHP (1, 3, 10 and 30 µM) and PBDE 99 (0.1, 0.3, 1 and 3 µM) in a serum-free culture media for 48 and 96 hr. At 48 hr, the P4 level in the luteal cells decreased after treatment with all concentrations of BPA; 3, 10 and 30 µM of DEHP; and 3 µM of PBDE 99 compared to the control (p < .05). Treatment of cells with 3–30 µM of BPA, 1–30 µM of DEHP and 1–3 µM of PBDE 99 for 96 hr resulted in reduction in P4 synthesis (p < .05). However, lower concentrations of PBDE 99 (0.1 and 0.3 µM) increased P4 levels at 48 and 96 hr. Synthesis of P4 was lower at 96 hr compared to the 48 hr in the groups treated with BPA (30 µM), DEHP (1–30 µM), PBDE 99 (0.3–3 µM) and control group. Our results showed that BPA, DEHP and PBDE 99 are able to alter luteal steroidogenesis in bovine cells and can disrupt hormonal balance in the ovary. However, it is necessary to evaluate the exact mechanism underlying these effects in future studies.     

冬瓜植株邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯分布研究

为探明冬瓜果实、茎、叶柄及叶片能否从大气环境中吸收DEHP。采用气相色谱/质谱联机检测技术测定冬瓜根、茎及叶中DEHP的含量,并分析期果实中DEHP的分布情况。结果表明:叶片中DEHP的含量是根中的6倍,从底部到顶部茎叶中DEHP的含量依次降低。相邻部位DEHP含量为叶柄叶片茎。冬瓜果皮中累积的DEHP高,果肉相对较低,进一步证明了植物吸收DEHP不是来源于地下部分而是来自于地上部分。     

Effect of phthalate esters on the secretion of prostaglandins (F2α and E2) and oxytocin in cultured bovine ovarian and endometrial cells

The influence of phthalate esters di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) on uterine prostaglandin (PGF2α and PGE2) and ovarian oxytocin secretion was investigated. Endometrial, granulosa, and luteal cells from cows on days 8–12 of the estrous cycle were treated with DEHP or MEHP (0.1, 1, or 10 ng/mL). We found that DEHP and MEHP stimulated (P < 0.05) secretion of PGF2α and inhibited (P < 0.001) secretion of PGE2 from endometrial cells. The ratio of PGF2α to PGE2 was markedly altered. The endocrine disrupting chemicals also enhanced secretion of oxytocin (P < 0.05) from ovarian cells. Our results indicated that DEHP and its metabolite MEHP could affect the process of the estrous cycle by impairing secretion of prostaglandin from the uterus and oxytocin from the ovary.     

PAEs对烟草生长及其在土壤—烟草系统的累积特征

盆栽试验条件下,通过外源添加DBP/DEHP制成0,20,50,100,200 mg/kg的浓度梯度,来研究PAEs对烟草生长的影响及其在土壤-烟草系统的累积特征。结果表明:外源DBP/DEHP的添加对烟草地上部生物量和茎粗无显著影响,烟草株高随外源DBP/DEHP浓度的增加呈现不同的变化趋势,其中黄棕壤烟草株高显著降低,红壤的显著增加,而黄壤的无变化;黄壤根系活力随外源DBP/DEHP浓度先增高后降低,而黄棕壤和红壤的无显著变化。DBP/DEHP浓度对部分烟草抗氧化酶活性有显著影响,而对土壤的脱氢酶和和脲酶活性基本无影响。随外源PAEs浓度的增加,土壤中DBP/DEHP含量均呈现上升的趋势,以黄棕壤DBP含量增加幅度最大,添加200 mg/kg DBP时是CK(外源不添加DBP/DEHP)的3.56倍;黄棕壤和红壤DEHP浓度大幅增加,黄棕壤和红壤添加200 mg/kg DEHP时分别是CK的27.47,27.34倍。相比于CK大多数烟叶中和根系中DBP/DEHP有不同程度的提升。随外源DBP/DEHP浓度的增加,会在一定程度上促进土壤和烟叶DBP/DEHP的积累。     

草本植物根际邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯降解菌的分离与降解特性

为研究湿地草本植物根际对邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）的微生物修复潜能,选择DEHP作为目标污染物,采用富集驯化法从不同湿地草本植物根际土壤中筛选出一株能高效降解DEHP的细菌B6,通过形态、生理生化特征、16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为简单芽孢杆菌（Bacillus simplex）,同时研究了该菌株在不同DEHP初始浓度、pH、接菌量、温度条件下对DEHP的降解特性。结果表明,菌株B6的最适降解条件为初始浓度100 mg·L^-1、pH 7.0、接菌量4%、温度30℃,在此最适条件下7 d后无机盐培养液中DEHP的降解率为97.91%。研究表明,菌株B6对DEHP污染修复效果显著,在DEHP污染修复中具有一定的应用前景。