耐盐抗旱优质高产棉花新品种‘衡棉1670’的选育研究

抗逆优质丰产棉花新品种的培育及应用是当前棉花生产节水提质增效的关键。‘衡棉1670’是河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所以中早熟陆地棉品种资源材料‘衡棉210’为母本,以‘衡棉4号’为父本杂交,后代多年南繁北育,经旱棚盐池鉴定选择,在枯黄萎病混生重病地、不防治棉铃虫的高压胁迫下,经过多年连续定向选择育成。其突出表现为抗枯黄萎病、丰产优质、耐盐抗旱节水,适宜在河北省及黄河流域同类生态春播棉区推广种植,2019年8月通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定（审定编号为冀审棉20190013）。     

Study on Site-specific Nutrient Management in Cotton Field

The study on the characteristics of spatial variability of soil nutrients and fertilizer recommendations in cotton field under certain conditions of agricultural management was conducted with GIS and systematic approach for soil nutrient constrains. The results showed that of the spatial variability of soil nutrient was greatly related to the management condition of previous crops. Grid sampling and variable rate application technology (VRAT) were the tools that would hopefully increase fertilizer efficiency. The fertilizers were applied where they were needed and at proper rate. Balance fertilization demonstration showed that fertilizer recommendations according to the available nutrient level in soil could decrease fertilizer cost with 657.4 yuan / ha and increase seed cotton yield by 19.8%. A net profit of the balanced fertilization was 5314.9 yuan / ha higher than that of local fertilization practice.     

湖南高品质棉研究进展与发展对策

根据国家将长江中下游棉区定位为50￣60支纱生产基地的区划要求,分析国内外及湖南棉区高品质棉的研究现状及发展前景,并针对限制湖南高品质棉发展的“瓶颈”因素提出了加强纺织技术改造,是当务之急,创造与引进优异新种质新材料、遗传品质改良工程,优异纤维品质的基因工程是根本途径,加速新品种选育是重中之重。     

Laboratory evaluation of the insect growth regulator lufenuron againstHelicoverpa armigera on cotton

An insect growth regulator (IGR), lufenuron (Match 5EC), was tested for its toxicity toHelicoverpa armigera on cotton. Potency of the IGR against the larval stage of the pest was demonstrated with respect to larval instars; the LC₉₀ values of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae were 5.63, 7.89, 8.03, 11.39 and 14.76 mg a.i.l ⁻¹, respectively. However, different larval instars did not differ significantly with respect to LC₅₀ and LC₁₀. IGR-treated larvae had swollen heads and were significantly smaller (1.5–2.3 mm) than the untreated control (2.9 mm). Larval weight was significantly reduced from 190 mg in the control to 50–70 mg in the lufenuron treatment. IGR treatment in the larval stage significantly affected both pupal length and pupal weight. Pupal duration of the test insect was significantly extended by IGR treatment. Pupal deformities, including an inability to shed the last larval skin and formation of larval-pupal intermediates, occurred following treatment. A significant reduction in adult emergence was recorded. In addition, abnormalities in the form of development of cavities in the forewings of adult were evident. A significant decline in fecundity was noted in the studies. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Feb. 3, 2003.     

我国棉花纤维品质现状分析

2001~2005年农业部对我国主产棉省主栽棉花品种纤维的抽查结果表明:纤维长度主要分布在28~29mm;纤维整齐度指数高,主要分布在82%~84%;断裂比强度处于中等偏上水平,主要分布在27~29 cN/tex;纤维成熟较好,粗细适中,马克隆值主要分布在4.6左右;色特征级多数分布在21、31、41级。目前我国棉花纤维质量可以满足纺织工业纺中、低档棉纱(32~40支纱)的要求,可纺高支纱(60~80支)的原棉纤维所占比例较少。     

NaCl胁迫对兰州百合苗期生长和发育的影响

在温室条件下,对苗期的盆栽兰州百合进行不同浓度的NaCl(0,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%NaCl水溶液)胁迫试验。结果表明:在胁迫的30 d时间内,NaCl胁迫造成兰州百合植株的生根数目减少,高度增长缓慢,花卉质量变劣。同时使百合各组织(根、鳞茎、茎和叶)生物产量减少。NaCl胁迫也导致百合叶片细胞膜透性增大,脯氨酸含量增加,叶绿素含量减少,同时可溶性糖含量也呈现减少的趋势。兰州百合可耐0.4%NaCl胁迫。     

棉铃发育过程中不同组织IAA含量变化特点

为了解IAA与棉纤维品质形成间的关系及棉铃各部位IAA积累转运特点,本研究分析了棉铃各部分在发育过程中IAA含量的变化特点。通过选择陆地棉标准系TM-1、长纤维种质‘母35’和短纤维种质‘208’3个纤维长度差异较大的陆地棉材料,利用酶联免疫法对浙江杭州、海南三亚两地田间试验的各材料不同发育阶段的棉仁、棉籽壳、棉纤维、棉铃壳进行了IAA含量的测定。结果表明,不同参试材料的棉仁IAA含量存在明显差异,棉籽壳、棉纤维与棉铃壳的IAA含量峰值出现时间晚于棉仁,棉铃各个组织IAA含量具有随棉铃组织从内向外逐渐降低的趋势。研究表明,IAA可能是棉纤维发育的正效应因子,且棉铃发育过程中IAA可能呈初期在棉仁富集、随发育进程沿棉铃组织由内向外运输的规律。     

Physiological characteristics of high yield under cluster planting: photosynthesis and canopy microclimate of cotton

Cotton produces more biomass and economic yield when cluster planting pattern (three plants per hole) than in a traditional planting pattern (one plant per hole), even at similar plant densities, indicating that individual plant growth is promoted by cluster planting. The causal factors for this improved growth induced by cluster planting pattern, the light interception, canopy microclimate and photosynthetic rate of cotton were investigated in an arid region of China. The results indicated that the leaf area index and light interception were higher in cluster planting, and significantly different from those in traditional planting during the middle and late growth stages. Cotton canopy humidity at different growth stages was increased but canopy temperatures were reduced by cluster planting. In the later growth stage of cluster planting, the leaf chlorophyll content was higher and the leaf net photosynthetic rate and canopy photosynthetic rate were significantly increased in comparing with traditional planting pattern. We concluded that differences in canopy light interception and photosynthetic rate were the primary factors responsible for increased biomass production and economic yield in cluster planting compared with the traditional planting of cotton.     

棉花早衰的成因及预防措施

棉花早衰是指由于其自身或外部因素,在有效的生育期内,棉株局部或整体过早终止生命活动而影响棉花产量和品质形成的现象。该文综述了棉花早衰的表现及判断指标,分析了引起棉株发生早衰的因素,并提出了预防棉花早衰的对策措施,为今后开展相关工作提供参考。     

江苏省高品质棉生产经营现状与发展对策

江苏省是全国产棉大省,在全国占有重要地位.近年来,江苏高品质棉有了很大发展,但也面临一些问题,如品种单一,缺乏有效的产销衔接等.本文提出了江苏高品质棉优势区域发展战略措施.