斯蒂齿斑摇蚊的再描述(双翅目:摇蚊科)

对摇蚊科（Chironomidea）斑摇蚊属（Stictochironomus Kieffer,1919）斯蒂齿斑摇蚊[S.sticticus（Fabricius,1781]进行了再描述,并纠正Wang（2000）中所记录的辽宁省分布的S.sticicus（Fabricius）为S.akizukii（Tokunaga）。     

中国北方盐碱水域中的底栖动物

1975～ 1 994年对山西省、河北省、内蒙古自治区和宁夏回族自治区的 2 6个盐碱水域 (盐度 0 5 8～ 1 6 3 0、pH 8 46～ 1 0 1 0 ) ,进行了 92个点的采集。共见到底栖动物 1 0 3种 ,分别隶属于环节动物、软体动物、昆虫类等 1 5个目。其中摇蚊科幼虫有 1 1个属、 48个种。其余为蠓蚊科幼虫、颤蚓科、锥实螺科、扁卷螺科、科、伪蜓科、划蝽科、牙虫科、叶科等种类。分析结果表明 ,所有水域的共同特点是以摇蚊幼虫为优势种群 ,其中花纹前突摇蚊幼虫和羽摇蚊幼虫出现率最高 ,均为 3 0 8%,其次为穴居摇蚊幼虫 ,出现率为 2 6 9%。其它底栖动物如鞘翅目牙虫科幼虫和寡毛纲颤蚓的出现率均为2 3 1 %。对水体主成分的水质分析结果表明 ,决定底栖动物分布和种数的主要因素是与总硬度、盐度和总碱度相关的水化学特征 ,其中底栖动物种数与总碱度呈显著的负相关关系 (R2 =- 0 3 4 2 ,n =2 6 ,P <0 0 5 )。     

Space heterogeneity,space use and short-range dispersal in Diptera: A case study

This study investigates the impact of landscape heterogeneity on community structure and population dynamics in two families of Diptera (Empididae and Chironomidae). Adult emergence is compared with aerial flow by means of emergence traps and yellow traps on a transect across four habitats (pond banks, woodland, grassland and heathland) in close proximity to each other. Empids use different space units according to their larval development, sexual behaviour and food requirements. This creates an intermingling of species and individuals originating from different habitats in the lowest part of the transect. Adult chironomids of aquatic species exhibit a preferential use of open habitats while adults with terrestrial larvae disperse largely above the four sites. Habitat fragmentation and heterogeneity lead to opposite patterns in chironomid distribution: some species disperse over the whole set of macrohabitats but others are confined to a single patch, resulting in population isolation. The impact of spatial and temporal landscape patterning is discussed with a view to community structure, life-history tactics and population dynamics.     

小足倒毛摇蚊的再描述(双翅目:摇蚊科)

对摇蚊科（Chironomidea）倒毛摇蚊属（Microtendipes Kieffer）,1915小足倒毛摇蚊[M.pedellus（De Geer,1776）]进行再描述,并附主要特征图。     

Bat activity affected by sewage effluent in Irish rivers

Bat activity and benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled at nine paired sites, upstream and downstream from sewage effluent discharges into Irish rivers. Bat activity was measured using broadband acoustic detectors and macroinvertebrates by three 30-s standard benthic kick samples per site. Biological indices of water quality were significantly lower downstream from sewage outfalls, relative to upstream. The soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus) was significantly more active (as measured by bat passes per unit time) at downstream sites, while Daubenton’s bat (Myotis daubentonii) was less active. These results contrast with those of a similar study in England, where P. pygmaeus were less active, and Myotis spp. were more active downstream from sewage outfalls. We suggest that P. pygmaeus were more active downstream in our study because of a preference for preying on small orthocladiinid Chironomidae (non-biting midges), which were significantly more abundant downstream. M. daubentonii may prefer Trichoptera (caddis fly), which were significantly more abundant upstream. Organic pollution may then affect bats, but its effect appears to be more complex than previously implied. Implications of changing nutrient levels in freshwaters for populations of M. daubentonii and P. pygmaeus may be different from what is currently suggested in the literature.     

镇赉高产塘的底栖动物及其利用率

自１９８８年至１９９０年，在吉林省镇赉渔场高产地中，先后应用了定性、定量采集，地底铺网、昆虫挂网等手段，得出在集约化养鲤池中，鲤对水蚯蚓的利用率为现存量的４８％至７３．７％，平均约６１％左右。摇蚊科幼虫的区系季节变化，一年中有两个高峰期，其羽化率为现存量的２８．９７％至４７．５７％，平均４１．６％左右。鲤对摇蚊科幼虫的利用率为现存量的３５％到６７％，平均５０％左右。     

池塘中摇蚊科幼虫现存量和生产力的研究

根据1986年4月至1987年6月,在金州渔场进行的采集研究,摇蚊科幼虫的年消长状况是两个高峰期(5～7月;2～3月)两个低峰期(8～10月;4～5月)。通过逻辑斯帝方程的计算,金州渔场204池摇蚊幼虫种群自然内禀增长率r为0.027;最大持续产量Msy为7.16(个/d);最大持续产量的种群水平NMsy为530(个/d);104池的r值为0.1135;Msy为252(个/d),NMsy为4442(个/d)。针对204池细长摇蚊的跟踪采集,并应用Allen所建方程计算得单位面积的真正净产量为141233(mg/m~2);P/B系数为2497。     

Does overfeeding affect tench Tinca tinca (L.) juveniles?

Duplicate groups of tench (Tinca tinca) juveniles (mean weight 0.69 g) were fed at 28 °C for 70 days either a commercial formulated diet, Futura, or frozen Chironomidae larvae at four levels: below satiation, at about satiation, above satiation and well above satiation. These are represented by the feeding groups F1–F4 and C1–C4, respectively. No mortality was observed throughout the experiment. In groups F2–F4 a considerable incidence of uneaten food (>40% observations), deformities of the caudal penduncle, retarded growth, elevated condition coefficient (>1.2), reduced amounts of minerals in the tissue (<10% dry matter), high C/N ratio (>5) and high caloric value of the tissue (>28 J mg⁻¹ dry matter) (the latter two suggesting excessive fat deposits), were found. The combination of these indices was indicative of overfeeding in fish fed the Futura diet at the daily doses ≥2.7% fish biomass. First symptoms of overfeeding: a considerable incidence of uneaten food, retarded growth, and elevated C/N ratio were observed in the group fed Chironomidae larvae at the highest level, (C4, wet Chironomidae 20.7% of the fish biomass daily, that is, 3.9% of dry chironomids per fish biomass and day). Thus, restricted daily doses of formulated diet not exceeding 2.5% fish biomass are recommended for tench juveniles aged 130–200 days post hatch. Safe daily doses of frozen Chironomidae (in terms of larvae dry weight) remain below 3.5% of fish biomass.     

大连市的摇蚊科幼虫及新记录

根据1985—1987年4至7月,在大连市5个区。16个地点调查、采集摇蚊科幼虫,经鉴定分类于4亚科16属。共28种,其中有10种为国内新记录。即:喀氏粗腹摇蚊Peloia Kratzia Kieff。伤残长跗摇蚊Tanytarsusmancua Wulp、劳氏长跗摇蚊Tanytarsus Lauterborni Kieff、簇状长咐摇蚊Tanytarsus gregarius kieff、云斑乡足摇蚊Polypedilum nubeclutsum Meigen、多足摇蚊Polypedilum sp Lipina、三齿沼摇蚊LimnoChironomus .friromus Kieff.神经沼摇蚊LimnoChironomus (?) staeg.污秽刀突摇蚊Psectrocladius Sordiellus(Zettertedt)棒脉摇蚊Corynoneura sP.文中对大连市摇蚊科幼虫作了检索外,对国内首次记录种类进行了简要形态描述,同时也对大连市摇蚊的分布作了简介。     

Impact of soil erosion in disturbed tributary drainages on the benthic invertebrate fauna of Lake Tanganyika, East Africa

We analysed the species diversity and distribution of recently buried remains of larval Chironomidae (Insecta: non-biting midges) in bottom environments of Lake Tanganyika adjacent to pristine and disturbed tributary drainages, to investigate the ecological impact of sediment pollution caused by anthropogenic soil erosion. Within each of three drainage size classes (<10, 30-50, 50-162 km²), disturbance has resulted in similar shifts in chironomid species composition which appear to reflect expansion of coarse-grained, low-organic substrates into deeper water, at the expense of the soft organic muds which characterise the deep-water environment. Because the area of habitable lake bottom in Lake Tanganyika is bounded from below by the oxycline, these results indicate that sediment pollution negatively impacts the oxygenated deep-water environment of Lake Tanganyika, and that intensifying soil erosion in tributary drainages may eventually threaten the survival of endemic fish and mollusc species dependent on the habitat it provides. This study establishes the value of sub-fossil Chironomidae as biological indicators of ecosystem health in the large lakes of East Africa.