Arsenic and heavy metal accumulation by Athyrium yokoscense from contaminated soils

Abstract

Athyrium yokoscense, a type of fern that grows vigorously in mining areas in Japan, is well known as a Cd hyperaccumulator as well as a Cu, Pb and Zn tolerant plant. However, no information is available on As accumulation of A. yokoscense, although it often grows on soils containing high levels of both heavy metals and As. In this study, young ferns collected from a mine area were grown in media containing As-spiked soils or mine soil in a greenhouse for 21 weeks. Athyrium yokosense was highly tolerant to arsenate and survived in soils containing up to 500 mg As (V) kg^?1. The addition of 100 mg As (V) kg^?1 resulted in the highest fern biomass (1.95 g plant^?1) among As-spiked soils. Although the As concentration of the fern was lower than other As hyperaccumulators, such as Pteris vittata, A. yokoscense could hyperaccumulate As in mature and old fronds. Arsenic was accumulated most efficiently in old fronds (922 mg kg^?1) in the media containing 5 mg As (III) kg^?1. Moreover, higher As accumulation was found in the roots of the ferns, with a range from 506 to 2,192 mg kg^?1. In addition, in the mine soil with elevated concentrations of As and heavy metals, A. yokoscense not only hyperaccumulated As (242 mg As kg^?1 in old fronds), but also accumulated Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn at concentrations much higher than those reported for other terrestrial plants. Athyrium yokoscense accumulated Cd mostly in fronds in high concentrations, up to 1095 mg kg^?1, while it accumulated Cu, Zn and Pb mainly in the roots and the concentrations were 375, 2040 and 1165 mg kg^?1, respectively.     

猴腿蹄盖蕨孢子萌发和成苗影响因素初探

为了提高猴腿蹄盖蕨孢子人工培养成苗效率，以猴腿蹄盖蕨孢子为外植体，通过在组织培养中加入不同种类激素和NaH2PO4及活性炭，探讨了猴腿蹄盖蕨孢子萌发和成苗影响因素。结果表明：20mg/LGA3处理成熟孢子5min，孢子萌发速度加快；NAA、2,4-D、BA、KT四种激素中KT促进孢子萌发效果最好，BA和NAA次之。1/2MS，MS两种培养基中，1/2MS培养基孢子萌发速度快于MS培养基；NaH2PO4浓度以200~300mg/L可促进幼苗迅速生长，形成大量丛生苗；培养基中添加2%活性炭有利于小苗的生长。     

猴腿蹄盖蕨总多酚的超声提取工艺研究

以总多酚提取率为主要考察指标,探索了猴腿蹄盖蕨总多酚的超声提取工艺条件.通过单因素和正交试验确定了猴腿蹄盖蕨总多酚的最佳超声提取工艺条件为料液比为1∶30、乙醇浓度为65％、超声提取3次、每次45 min,提取温度为75～80℃.在上述超声提取条件下,猴腿蹄盖蕨总多酚的提取率可以达到169.27 mg/g,上述提取工艺条件可用于猴腿蹄盖蕨总多酚的超声提取.     

赤霉素和土壤基质对猴腿蹄盖蕨发育过程的影响

采用显微摄影技术观察记录孢子萌发至形成幼苗的过程,研究了赤霉素(GA3)和土壤基质对孢子萌发成苗的影响。结果表明：孢子从片状体发育形成原叶体阶段开始需要外界提供充足的养分,原叶体发育成苗阶段需要充足的水分,以利于受精卵的形成。外源施加GA3可以使孢子萌发时间至少提前2 d,质量浓度为10 mg/L的GA3促进孢子萌发效...     

不同遮阴度对猴腿菜幼苗生长发育的影响研究

以猴腿菜为试验材料,研究不同遮阴度对猴腿菜幼苗株高、根系活力、叶绿素含量和干鲜重的影响。结果表明,不同遮阴处理对猴腿菜幼苗株高、根系活力、叶绿素含量和干鲜重的影响均高于对照,以60%的遮阴度为最好。     

Accumulation of cadmium and other metals in organs of plants growing around metal smelters in Japan

Abstract

It is well known that some plants can adapt to a high concentration of metals that would be lethal to other plant species and also accumulate toxic metals in their body up to a very high level (Peterson 1983). Athyrium yokoscense communities are often observed on highly polluted soils with heavy metals originating from mining or smelting facilities. A. yokoscense and some species of plants which can grow vigorously on highly polluted soils have attracted the attention of miners and investigators as indicator plants for mining areas (Honjo 1990; Nishizono et al. 1987).     

凉水自然保护区猴腿蹄盖蕨分布特征及其可持续利用

以凉水自然保护区内猴腿蹄盖蕨为研究对象,通过研究其分布规律及地上生物量特点,为猴腿蹄盖蕨资源的可持续利用提出了合理化建议。研究结果如下:1)保护区内猴腿蹄盖蕨的高度、密度和单位面积地上生物量随着海拔的升高而降低;2)不同森林类型单位面积猴腿蹄盖蕨的地上生物量差异很大,其排序为:谷地云冷杉林＞河岸杂木林＞人工林＞枫桦红松林＞椴树红松林＞鱼鳞云杉红松林＞谷地落叶松林＞云冷杉红松林＞谷地白桦林＞山地山杨林＞柞树红松林;3)猴腿蹄盖蕨在不同森林类型中地上部分的干物质量也各不相同,其中谷地云冷杉林(4961 hm2)最高（226 420.1 kg）,柞树红松林(10.0 hm2)最低（0）,排序为:谷地云冷杉林＞枫桦红松林＞椴树红松林＞河岸杂木林＞人工林＞云冷杉红松林＞鱼鳞云杉红松林＞山地山杨林＞谷地白桦林＞谷地落叶松林＞柞树红松林;4)在保护阔叶红松林生态系统的前提下,建议选择谷地云冷杉林、谷地落叶松林、河岸杂木林、谷地白桦林和人工林为猴腿蹄盖蕨资源开发利用的区域。      

猴腿菜的生物特性及开发利用

阐述猴腿菜的生物学特性、分布、生境、营养成分及开发利用的现状。