Determining spatial feed distribution in sea cage aquaculture using an aerial camera platform

Within this paper we describe an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based method to estimate the spatial feed pellet distribution in salmon fish-cages and exploit it within a case study to determine the radial pellet distribution for different rotor spreaders and blower configurations. Compared to previously used methods, capturing pellets thrown from a rotary feed spreader in rows of Styrofoam boxes, the UAV based method is simpler and faster to setup and allows to cover a larger portion of the sea cage surface area. We compare results obtained with the Styrofoam box method with results we obtained by an automatic analysis of aerial videos taken by the UAV during feeding experiments. The employed method helps to gain insight into the spatial feed pellet distribution in full-scale salmon fish-cages where the feeding pipe and actual fixation of the spreader may influence the dynamic behaviour of the feeding system. This can also be seen as a step towards a continuous measuring of the feed pellet distribution, particularly in view of possible future feeding systems that may allow to adapt the feed pellet distribution to the actual fish distribution.     

Random point sampling to detect gain and loss in tree canopy cover in response to urban densification

Urban tree canopy cover (UTC) is a simple, and common, measure of urban forest resource. Urban infill development is likely to lead to losses in UTC under private tenure, at a time when local governments are setting ambitious targets to increase UTC overall. Simple, statistically rigorous methods are required to benchmark and track change in UTC, whilst identifying which land-use types or tenures experience change.We estimated UTC in six Melbourne suburbs in 2010 and 2015 by randomly sampling 2000 points across public land, public streetscapes and private land. We were able to detect a net change in UTC of <2% over five years to a 95% level of confidence. A significant net decrease in UTC (−2.4%) was only detected in one of the six suburbs. Two suburbs had a net increase in UTC by +2.7% over five years. On private land, there was often areas of UTC loss, but this was generally offset by canopy gain in other areas of the private realm as well as in streetscapes and public land. Losses in UTC on private land were mainly due to tree removal, with or without subsequent construction works.This study describes a simple, but statistically rigorous, method to quantify UTC change and the drivers of change in different land-use types and tenure. Despite studying two suburbs will high rates of infill development, only one suburb showed evidence of net UTC decrease. The ‘dynamic equilibrium’ in UTC, whereby canopy losses area approximately offset by concurrent canopy gain, means that ambitious targets being set by local governments to increase UTC may be difficult to achieve without changes in tree protection and infill development policy and planning.     

航空施药中雾滴沉积传感器系统设计与实验

基于变介电常数电容器原理设计雾滴沉积传感器及检测系统,由此实现对航空施药中雾滴地面沉积量的快速获取。通过实验,分析建立了传感器对电导率487μS/cm、25 mS/cm雾滴的沉积量测量线性回归方程,决定系数R2分别为0.9923和0.9544。利用M-18B型飞机和AU-5000型喷雾机,对系统进行了应用测试,结果表明:与水敏纸图像分析方法对比,2种方法获得的雾滴地面沉积量分布曲线拟合度可达0.914 6,样点单位面积沉积量的相对测量误差分布在10%~50%之间。     

美国农业航空技术现状和发展趋势分析

美国是目前农业航空装备技术最先进、应用最广泛的国家,农业航空服务组织体系完善,航空施药作业规范,施药部件系列齐全.一些精准农业技术手段如GPS自动导航、施药自动控制系统、各种作业模型已步入实用阶段,作业精准、高效,对环境的污染低.随着精准农业的发展,航空遥感技术、空间统计学、变量施药控制等技术也用于美国农田产量监测,植物的水分、营养状况、病虫害监测.提出了为改善目前技术存在的不足,提高数据准确性和生产效率,需解决的主要技术问题和研究热点,包括:图像实时处理技术、多传感器数据融合技术、航空变量喷洒技术.     

飞播造(营)林技术体系

从飞播设计、播前准备、飞播作业、播后管理等环节总结了飞播造(营)林技术,涉及播区选择、树种选择、播种量确定、播种期选择、播区准备、种子及物资准备、播前准备工作验收、通信联络、种子处理及装种、播种质量检查、封育、补植补播或复播等内容。     

基于CCD拼接的航空相机小波自动调焦方法研究

为精确地进行航空相机调焦,获取高清晰度的航空影像,结合CCD拼接的特点,提出一种新的航空相机调焦方法,便于航空成像设备进行自动调焦。考虑人类视觉系统的特点设置权值,利用图像的小波分解系数构造清晰度评价函数;分析小波基函数的性质,对不同频率成分的影像进行清晰度评价,从而使评价函数对图像的变化具有适应性,通过比较得出了利用symlet2小波进行3层分解获得的评价函数的效果最佳。为了提高清晰度评价函数的灵敏度,选取了细节丰富的区域作为评价区域,详细地阐述了航空相机利用CCD拼接结构的特点进行调焦的算法实现过程。试验证明,该方法获得的评价函数比传统的小波方法灵敏度高,可以满足航空相机的需要,大大提高了地物目标的识别和提取的精度。     

无人机在棉田管理中的应用

棉花是国内重要的经济作物和纺织工业原料,是事关国计民生的重要战略物资,但棉花生产机械化程度低,现代植棉业发展缓慢,特别是黄河流域和长江流域棉区,一家一户的棉花种植规模小、效率低.近年来,国内农用无人机产业快速发展,农用无人机技术是发展智慧农业的有效保障手段之一,它为棉花产业向机械化、智能化升级提供了一定的技术支撑.通过...     

Postcards from the past: charting the landscape-scale conversion of tropical Australian savanna to closed forest during the 20th century

Repeated sequences of digitised and geo-referenced historical aerial photography provide a powerful means of understanding landscape change. We use this method to demonstrate a landscape wide expansion of closed forest (42% increase in total coverage) in the Australian monsoon tropics over the past five decades. Retrospective habitat suitability models (HSI) of closed forest derived using four landscape measures (drainage distance, slope angle, aspect and elevation) for imagery taken in 1947 correctly forecast the subsequent spatial distribution of the expansion, with topographic fire protection primarily determining the closed-forest distribution. The dynamics of the closed forest-savanna boundary were predicted accurately by generalised linear models, with closed-forest expansion in fire-protected sites along forest edges and regression in the more fire-prone areas. Two factors may plausibly explain the expansion of closed forests. First, eco-ethnographic records stress the skilful use of fire by Aboriginal people in protecting isolated and locally resource-rich closed-forest patches. Second, the recent global increase in atmospheric CO₂ may be changing the competitive balance between savanna and forest by enabling C₃ trees to grow fast enough to escape the fire trap presented by flammable C₄ grasses.     

烟色离褶伞基内菌丝生长规律及生产中的应用

烟色离褶伞基内菌丝自接种点向PDA培养基内延伸的生长距离最长为1.5 cm,但足以布满18 mm×180 mm PDA斜面试管基内各个角落.基内菌丝继代转接的原种菌丝较气生菌丝继代转接的原种生长快、菌丝茁壮,但在产量上没有显著差异.通过对基内菌丝生长规律的观察,发现了食用菌母种再生千倍转接技术,使其扩展应用到食用菌生产中,为进一步改进食用菌生产程序、缩短生产时间提供理论基础.     

运用航空描图技术对森林病虫害进行监测

本文介绍了航空描图技术在监测森林病虫害上的应用，具体阐明了飞行作业计划、飞行前准备、空中描图技术以及ＧＩＳ数据处理