荒漠化--可怕的恶魔

全球荒漠化面积已达到3600万平方公里，占到整个地球陆地面积的1／4，相当于俄罗斯、加拿大、中国和美国国土面积的总和。土地荒漠化的危机已经迫在眉睫了。     

森林生态系统碳循环研究方法概述

介绍了森林生态系统碳循环研究方法,对当前森林生态系统碳循环研究的几种主要方法模型进行了概述,主要有Miami模型和Thornthwaite模型、Chikugo模型和生物量转换因子连续法等。     

强冻融作用下土壤微生物残体碳的累积特征及其对玉米秸秆输入的响应

【目的】微生物残体碳是土壤稳定碳库的主要组成部分。探究不同冻融强度下东北黑土区土壤真菌和细菌残体碳的变化和积累特征,以及玉米秸秆对这一过程的影响,以加深对东北黑土土壤有机碳循环过程和微生物调控机理的认知,为东北黑土区土壤肥力提升提供理论支撑。【方法】研究采用室内模拟培养试验,供试材料为玉米秸秆和黑土。设置3个冻融强度处理：弱冻融(融冻温度/冻结温度为5℃/-4℃)、强冻融(融冻温度/冻结温度为5℃/-9℃)和5℃常温对照,每个冻融处理分别设置添加和不添加玉米秸秆处理。一个冻融循环为土壤样品在5℃培养24 h,逐渐降低温度至冻结温度,保持48 h,然后升温至5℃,直到总时间96 h (4天),然后进入下一个循环。冻融试验共进行了16次循环,总培养周期为65天。在第0、3、8、12和16次冻融后采集土壤样品,测定土壤氨基葡萄糖(真菌残体标识物)和胞壁酸(细菌残体标识物)含量,分析微生物残体碳的累积特征及其对土壤有机碳的贡献。【结果】不添加玉米秸秆条件下,强冻融处理在前期较恒温对照显著增加了真菌和细菌残体碳含量及其对土壤有机碳的贡献,降低了土壤真菌细菌残体碳比值(F/B),而弱冻融处理相关指...     

“零排放”系统可在沙漠中养殖海鱼

海鱼味道鲜美,营养丰富,但由于过度捕捞,种类和数量在逐年减少。针对这种情况,以色列GFA公司的科学家开发出了一种在陆地养殖海鱼的新方法。     

让山更青水更绿天更蓝树更壮——访全国人大代表、吉林森工集团董事长柏广新

“林业行业代表的曝光率越来越高，大的背景是生态文明建设不断得到重视，直接原因是雾霸问题关系到每个人的身心健康。森林是陆地生态系统的主体，被称为地球之肺，肺的作用就是新陈代谢、吐故纳新，我来自传统的森林工业企业，     

施用腐植酸产品 减排又增效

<正>雾霾——2013年民众常用热词之一。通常的解释认为,这一特殊的环境问题是由汽车尾气等排放的有毒颗粒在空中积聚造成的,然而事实上,在一片雾霾背后隐藏着更深层次的环境问题——全球碳循环的失衡。中国腐植酸工业协会理事长曾宪成对雾霾形成的原因进行了深入的梳理,他得出的结论是:地球碳循环失调→温室效应→全球变暖→极地温度升高→     

温室土壤食物网静态和动态结构特征

Soil food web structure is fundamental to ecosystem process and function; most studies on soil food web structure have focused on agro-ecosystems under different management practices and natural terrestrial ecosystems, but seldom on greenhouses. This study explored the static and temporal variability of soil food structure in two greenhouses of Shandong Province, North China over a two-year period. The static properties were measured directly by surveying functional group composition and a series of parameters portraying the species properties, link properties, chain properties and omnivory properties of the web, as well as indirectly through calculation of nematode indices, enrichment index （EI）, structure index （SI）, and channel index （CI）. The dynamic variability of greenhouse soil food structure was described by the dynamics of functional groups, Bray-Curtis （BC） similarity and cluster analysis. The results showed that the greenhouse soil food web contained 14 functional groups, with microbes having the highest mean biomass, followed by protozoa. Of the three functional groups of protozoa, flagellates were the dominant group on most sampling dates, amoebae only became the dominant group during the summer, while ciliates were the least prevalent group. All nematodes were assigned into one of the four functional groups, bacterivorous, fungivorous, herbivorous and omnivorous, and the fungivorous nematodes had the lowest mean biomass. Mites were assigned into three functional groups and the omnivorous noncryptostigmatic mites were the dominant group. All the functional groups showed significant seasonal changes. The soil food web connectance was 0.15, the maximum food chain length was 5, and the average food chain length was 3.6. The profiles of the EI and SI showed that the food web was resource- depleted with minimal structure. The results of CI indicated that the bacterial decomposition pathway was the dominant pathway in the food web of the greenhouse soils studied and the results of BC similarity showed that the soil food web had higher variability and instability over time. The cluster analysis showed that the functional groups located at high trophic levels with low biomass were in a cluster, whereas those at low trophic levels with high biomass were closer. Compared with the food web structure of agroecosystem and natural terrestrial ecosystem soils, the structure of greenhouse soil food web was simple and unstable, which was likely driven by high agricultural intensification, particularly over application of fertilizers.     

陆地生态系统N_2O排放源研究进展

N2O是一种痕量气体,不仅能产生温室效应,而且对臭氧同温层有严重的破坏作用。随着人类活动的加剧,大气中N2O浓度每年以0.2%～0.3%的速度增加,N2O排放问题引起了人们的广泛关注。目前,对大气N2O排放的源与汇还缺乏全面认识,N2O在大气中增加量的40%～50%尚不知来源。综述了陆地生态系统N2O排放的自然源和人为源,分析了N2O排放的影响因素,并对今后N2O的研究提出了展望。     

陆地生态系统土壤呼吸研究进展

对陆地生态系统土壤呼吸的研究进展进行了简要总结分析了影响土壤呼吸时空变化的主要因素及与土壤呼吸的关系,提出了土壤呼吸的研究趋势以及进一步的研究方向。     

陆地生态系统碳循环对土地利用变化的响应

陆地生态系统碳循环在全球碳循环中占有重要地位,而土地利用变化是估测陆地生态系统碳储存与释放的最大不确定性因素。植被和土壤是陆地生态系统的两大碳库,是碳循环中的两个重要纽带,土地利用变化影响陆地生态系统土壤和植被碳的固定、积累与释放,从而影响整个碳循环过程。本文主要从土壤和植被碳库的角度出发,综述了近年来土地利用变化对陆地生态系统碳循环的影响及其机理,以及研究方法进展,着重分析了模型在此方面的应用;并提出了未来研究方向的展望。