5种生物制剂对马铃薯种薯萌芽、极端天气下植株生长和产量性状的影响

旨在满足马铃薯生产中茬口衔接、机械化生产技术应用、不利气候下稳产等对马铃薯出苗早、齐、壮的需求,以‘费乌瑞它’为供试品种,用基于有益活菌或工程菌提取物的5种生物制剂进行种薯处理,对多重性状进行了对比分析。5种生物制剂较常规化学制剂,均能够不同程度地促进种薯萌芽和芽根同生,出苗期提前2~7天,播种后49天的出苗率提高3.33%~17.78%。其中,表现最好的为酵母核苷酸衍生物和VDAL,种薯萌发和生根均显著高于对照。霜冻后,生物剂拌种处理在恢复前期促进植株生长,由此促进恢复后期的块茎发育,较常规化学处理增产8.39%~24.03%,体现了不同程度的保产效果。多马道黑、酵母核苷酸衍生物、根肽和VDAL体现出较好的保产效果,可作为种薯处理剂投入马铃薯生产。     

灌区灌溉设计频率分析计算方法研究

灌区灌溉设计中，常用降雨量进行频率分析来选取灌溉设计保证率及其对应典型年。这种方法存在一定缺陷。针对这种情况，推荐使用对灌区作物净灌溉需水量（中称缺水量）进行频率分析。它可以充分考虑到降雨时空分布的影响，更具合理性。     

Sediment Load in Runoff Under Laboratory and Field Simulated Rainfall

Soil erosion is one of the most important problems in the Loess Plateau of China affecting sustainable agriculture. Near Luoyang (Henan Province, China), field plots were constructed to measure soil erosion rates under conventional tillage practices using field-simulated rainfall.Field rainfall experiments were carried out to compare previous results from laboratory rainfall simulations on the same soil for interrill conditions. Although in the laboratory experiments, a strong correlation was found betweenthe stream power of the runoff water and the unit sediment load, this sediment transport equation overestimated the field rainfall simulation results. Another sediment transport equation derived by Nearing et al. for rill erosion was in better agreement with the results of the field experiments, although it also overestimated these values. The measured sediment load values during the field rainfall simulations were also lower than those found during field experiments on the same soil but with a loosened surface layer. This difference indicates the importance of soil physical condition of surfce like soil structure and aggregate size, which may contribute to the discrepancy between the field and laboratory experiment results.     

藏獒品种资源保护与选育

藏獒作为世界大型犬的原始祖先,在世界犬品种的形成和发展中发挥了重要的作用.藏獒的品种基因库中汇聚了世界犬品种最优良的性状、性能基因,具有在不同生态环境与生存条件中保持高度协调、统一和适应的丰富的遗传多样性.藏獒是在青藏高原独特的自然生态环境和自然条件下培育成功的犬品种,能良好地适应于高海拔、低氧压、强辐射、多降雨等各种自然地理、气候条件,在藏獒身上我们可以清楚地看到自然条件对生活在该特定环境下动物影响的烙印,了解环境与动物有机体产生互作的方式、途径及产生的影响,为人类进一步探索青藏高原的奥秘,探索生存在世界屋脊的动物适应环境的方式与能力,为全面开展对青藏高原生物多样性保护奠定研究基础,其理论与现实意义十分突出.     

石榴冻害与低温程度的关系研究

根据对多年石榴冻害和气温变化的比较分析，认为冬季旬最低温度平均值和极端最低温度是衡量石榴冻害和引种范围较为可靠的参考指标，其反映了降温程度、作用时间和作用强度三方面因素，澄清了对石榴安全越冬极限低温的模糊认识。     

影响吉林省亚洲玉米螟〔Ostrinia furnacalis（Guenee）〕一代发生区发生量长期预测的关键因子Ⅱ.发生程度与降雨及种群质量的关系

玉米螟的发生程度与5～8月初的降雨和种群质量密切相关，降雨主要影响越冬种群的复苏、化蛹、羽化、成虫的活动及3令前幼虫的存活，5～6月份特别干旱不利于越冬种群的复苏、化蛹和羽化．对成虫的产卵量有影响；7月份的干旱或大暴雨严重影响成虫的活动、卵的孵化和3令前幼虫的存活。不同年度间一、二化种群在越冬种群中所占的比例影响越冬种群的质量，在以一化种群为主时，玉米螟繁殖力强、发生晚，危害重。