苹果糖度在线检测降低杂散光影响研究

基于光谱学原理设计了智能苹果糖度在线分级设备,研究了上置式检测器在线检测中的杂散光问题,通过光路图分析了富士苹果3种摆放方式对杂散光的影响,并提出了遮光降噪方案。利用偏最小二乘(PLS)回归分别建立了3种摆放方式的富士苹果可溶性固形物含量(SSC)在线预测模型。研究结果表明,对于上置式检测器而言,摆放方式和遮光处理尤为重要。其中果柄朝上遮光为最佳降噪措施,所建立的模型校正集均方差(RMSEC)为0.60,校正集相关系数(RC)为0.94,预测集均方差(RMSEP)为0.67,预测集相关系数(RP)为0.87,可以满足实际生产中的在线分级要求。     

Comparison of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Models for Determining Protein and Amylose Contents Between Calibration Samples of Recombinant Inbred Lines and Conventional Varieties of Rice

The near infrared spectra of 178 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） from the cross of Ⅱ-32B/Yuezaoxian 6 （YZX6） and 511 varieties in rice were acquired. A total of 80 RILs and 96 cultivars were selected as modeling samples by comparing the spectra similarity primarily. Three partial least square （PLS） regression models were developed, based on the RILs （RIL-model）, the varieties （Var-model） and their mixture （Mix-model）, for protein content （PC） and amylose content （AC）, respectively. Cross validation and outer prediction showed that the models were largely influenced by the range and distribution of modeling samples. The regression model of PC based on the cultivars and the model of AC based on RILs had higher coefficient of determination （r^2 ≥ 0.9） and lower root mean square error of cross validation （RMSECVs）. The disadvantages of RIL samples for PC model and variety samples for AC model were probably caused by the narrow range of variance. Aberrant predictions were obtained for outer sample with PC or AC outside the range or within the distribution gap of modeling samples. The Mix-models gave more reliable prediction as the distribution of RIL and variety modeling samples were complementary to each other.     

神经干细胞和神经细胞的拉曼光谱研究

[目的]从光谱学角度分析神经干细胞（NSCs）与神经细胞（NCs）的光谱区别,为临床应用提供一定的试验参考依据。[方法]通过体外培养NSCs和NCs,应用激光共焦显微拉曼光谱仪测定2种细胞的拉曼光谱。[结果]NSCs与NCs的拉曼特征峰主要出现在600～1800 cm-1的波数范围和2850～3 000 cm-1波数范围内,拉曼光谱的峰位和相对峰强存在一定差异。NSCs的拉曼峰646、2917 cm-1与NCs的拉曼峰652、2908 cm-1处存在较大差异。NCs核中B型DNA胸腺嘧啶和酪氨酸含量相对更丰富。NSCs核中具有NO2成分,而NCs核中NO2较少或没有。NSCs与NCs核内部酰胺Ⅲ、C-H键、类胡萝卜素、C-H键、CH2键、CH3基团的结构不发生明显变化。NSCs较NCs的DNA、酪氨酸、蛋氨酸、腺嘌呤、苯基丙氨酸、胡萝卜素、酰胺Ⅲ等含量更丰富,其中以胡萝卜素和酰胺Ⅲ的相对含量最高。[结论]从光谱学角度研究NSCs与NCs,是一种新的干细胞研究方法。     

水稻锌污染胁迫的光谱奇异性分析

通过研究锌污染胁迫下水稻的光谱奇异性特征来诊断水稻锌污染水平。根据试验区水稻各个生长期的ASD实测高光谱数据和同步获取的作物与农田土壤重金属含量2 a田间试验数据,利用Daubechies小波系中的“Db5”小波函数对锌污染胁迫水稻的350～1 300 nm光谱波段进行5层小波分解,并利用奇异范围、奇异幅度和奇异指数等参数对水稻光谱奇异性进行定量计算与分析。结果表明,“Db5”小波函数分解的第5层小波系数能精准探测水稻光谱的奇异性,其奇异范围集中在480～850 nm波段范围;奇异幅度从出苗期到分蘖期迅速增加,并达到最大值,在随后的分蘖期→拔节期→开花期→成熟期逐渐减少;奇异指数从出苗期→分蘖期→拔节期→开花期→成熟期逐渐增加;水稻叶片锌含量与奇异幅度及奇异指数之间存在较强的相关关系,其决定系数（R2）为0.8445,均方根误差 （RMSE）为5.60。光谱奇异性能有效地诊断并定量分析水稻锌污染胁迫状况,从而为作物重金属污染胁迫监测提供重要参考。     

基于光谱学和ARM的番茄叶绿素检测仪的开发

为了更加方便、简捷、快速的对温室番茄叶绿素含量进行检测,利用光谱分析技术,开发了一种用于预测温室番茄叶片叶绿素含量的新型作物长势仪。仪器选择527 nm和762 nm两个波长作为特征波长。由一个“Y”型光纤,两个硅光电池,一个信号处理单元,中心处理器及友好的人机交互界面组成。由番茄叶片反射回来的反射光经过“Y”型光纤到达硅光电池的表面,硅光电池可以将此光信号转换成电信号。然后经过信号处理单元的放大滤波转换成可以经CPU处理的电压信号。根据测量得到的光谱反射率可以计算出番茄叶片的光谱系数,再根据光谱系数预测     

Application of Wavelet Transform in the Prediction of Navel Orange Vitamin C Content by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

This study was to search for an approach for rapid measurement of orange vitamin C （Vc） content. By using different decomposing levels of Daubechies 3 wavelet transform, the near-infrared spectra signals obtained from intact fruits of 100 navel orange samples were denoised, and the results of the predicted Vc contents for the corresponding samples determined by the reconstructed spectra after denoising were validated by means of PLS-CV （partial least squared-cross validation）. It was shown that the prediction effects verified by PLS-CV analysis varied when different wavelet transform decomposing levels were employed. At the wavelet decomposing level 4, the best prediction effect was obtained, with the correlation coefficient R between the prediction and true values being 0.9574 and the expected variance RMSECV being as low as 3.9 mg 100 g^-1. Furthermore, the 11 different approaches for the pretreatment of the near-infrared spectrum were compared. It was found that the calibration model established by PLS using spectra pretreated by wavelet transform denoising provided the best prediction for Vc content, exhibiting the highest correlation between the prediction and true values by cross validation. In conclusion, the near infrared spectral model denoised by means of wavelet transform can be used for accurate, rapid, and nondestructive quantitative analysis on navel orange Vc content.     

云南杉木G木素分布的研究

用先进的ＵＶ显微分光光度计研究了云南省西畴和彝良两产区杉木Ｇ木素分布。结果表明：１．两产区杉木纵生管胞次生壁吸收峰值为５６０ｎｍ。２．杉木早晚材纵向管胞次生壁层Ｇ木素浓度西畴低于彝良产区；轴向管胞胞间层Ｇ木素浓度彝良低于西畴产区。３．两产区杉木一年轮内，纵向管胞次生壁Ｇ木素浓度峰值，从早材至晚材的变化，西畴产杉木是逐渐降低的，符合正常材变化规律；彝良产杉木有波动，呈波形变化，说明构造不正常。４．两     

小波分析与光谱学信号处理

本文从小波变换的概念及其应用的基本原理出发，就其在光谱学方面的应用概括为红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、核磁共振光谱、质谱四个方面的应用作了简要评述。     

基于太赫兹光谱和支持向量机快速鉴别咖啡豆产地

结合太赫兹时域光谱技术和支持向量机对3种典型产地的咖啡豆进行了鉴别。选取埃塞俄比亚(Ethiopia)、哥斯达黎加(Costa Rica)以及印度尼西亚(Indonesia)3个产地咖啡豆样品进行压片处理,采用太赫兹透射模式获取样品的时域和频域光谱信号,并用主成分分析法对太赫兹频域光谱信号进行分析;构造了基于粒子群(partical swarm optimization,PSO)参数寻优的支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)鉴别模型,模型对不同产地咖啡豆样品的综合识别正确率达到95%。试验结果表明,太赫兹作为新型的检测手段结合模式识别方法可用于咖啡豆的产地鉴别。该文为一类在太赫兹波段下没有明显特征吸收峰的农产品/食品安全检测和产地追溯研究提供了一种快速、准确的方法。