基于卷积神经网络的拖拉机工况识别

农机工况识别在细化农机作业状态和帮助掌握区域污染物排放趋势方面有着重要的研究价值。基于拖拉机不同运行状态下的行驶速度、发动机转速以及实时油耗等时间序列,首次提出将图像识别方法引入到拖拉机工况识别中的思路,并分别应用参数优化的支持向量机与卷积神经网络对实际作业拖拉机工况进行研究。结果表明:(1)基于参数优化的支持向量机可以较好地实现样本点的工况识别且识别准确度达到99.851 9%,但无法实现农机工况的连续性识别,同时无法对农机工况转换阶段进行有效识别。(2)以拖拉机运行速度与发动机转速等信息构建样本图像来描述农机工况变化的数据表达,并在此基础上应用卷积神经网络可以有效实现农机工况的连续性识别,且识别准确率可以达到93.3%。本研究在农机工况识别方面具有一定参考价值,并为后续农机不同工况下区域污染物排放研究提供技术支持。     

Toxigenic Fusarium species and Mycotoxins Associated with Head Blight in Small-Grain Cereals in Europe

The Fusarium species predominantly found associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and other small-grain cereals all over Europe are F. graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. culmorum. Among the less frequently encountered species are several others which are less pathogenic or opportunistic, but also toxigenic. These include F. poae, F. cerealis F. equiseti F. sporotrichioides F. tricinctum and, to a lesser extent, F. acuminatum F. subglutinans F. solani F. oxysporum F. verticillioides F. semitectum and F. proliferatum. The species profile of FHB is due to several factors, primarily climatic conditions, particularly rain and the temperature at flowering stage, but also agronomic factors, such as soil cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, fungicides, crop rotation, and host genotype. The most frequently encountered Fusarium mycotoxins in FHB in Europe has proved to be deoxynivalenol and zearalenone produced by F. graminearum and F. culmorum with the former more common in southern (warmer) and the latter in northern (colder) European areas. Nivalenol was usually found associated with deoxynivalenol and its derivatives (mono-acetyldeoxynivalenols), together with fusarenone-X, formed by F. graminearum F. cerealis F. culmorum and, in northern areas, by F. poae. Moreover, from central to northern European countries, moniliformin has been consistently reported, as a consequence of the widespread distribution of F. avenaceum whereas the occurrence of T-2 toxin derivatives, such as T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin, and diacetoxyscirpenol have been recorded in conjunction with sporadic epidemics of F. sporotrichioides and F. poae. Finally, beauvericin and various enniatins have recently been found in Finnish wheat colonized by F.avenaceum and F. poae.     

Competition Effects Among Isolates of Fusarium culmorum Differing in Aggressiveness and Mycotoxin Production on Heads of Winter Rye

Fusarium culmorum is a phytopathogenic, toxigenic fungus causing seedling diseases, foot rot and head blight of cereals. For estimating competition effects in mixtures of two single-spore isolates, two winter rye single crosses were tested with either four isolates individually or four 1 : 1 mixtures of the same isolates in six field environments. Two isolates (FC46, FC64) were highly aggressive deoxynivalenol (DON) and 3-acetyl DON-producers, the other two (FC30, FC71) were medium aggressive nivalenol-producers. Rye heads were inoculated during flowering with conidia of pairs of isolates expressing similar (FC46 + FC64, FC30 + FC71) or contrary (FC46 + FC71, FC30 + FC64) levels of aggressiveness and similar or different concentrations and chemotypes of mycotoxins, respectively. Head blight rating and yield components relative to the non-inoculated plots were recorded as aggressiveness traits. Additionally, mycotoxin concentrations were measured in the rye grain. Random pathogen samples were re-isolated from heads at the onset of symptom development and analysed by molecular markers (RAPD–PCR) in one environment. Aggressiveness of the isolate mixtures was significantly lower than that of the isolates applied individually on both rye genotypes. Similarly, mycotoxin concentrations were significantly lower in the mixtures in seven out of eleven comparisons. Among the re-isolates, the component genotypes of a mixture significantly deviated from the inoculated 1 : 1 ratio when a particular isolate (FC46) was present in the mixture. This isolate displayed a superior competitive ability irrespective of the aggressiveness or mycotoxin profile of the mixing partner illustrating that pathogenic fitness is caused by additional factors that have not, as yet, been identified.     

Secondary sexual traits and semen characteristic of chicken germline chimeras

Birds obtained by embryo engineering are used to study embryo development and to produce transgenic birds. As this method of producing birds still generate strong emotions of the public opinion head ornaments, testes and semen characteristics of sex chimera roosters were examined to check whether they differ from chickens obtained by non‐manipulated methods. Measurements of head ornaments, testes and semen were correlated with each other. Semen quality factor (SQF) was calculated, as well as the level of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of bilateral traits (wattles and testes). Positive correlation was found for comb width and wattle length and comb thickness and sperm concentration. Semen characteristics and FA did not exceed the level encounter in other chicken lines. Results obtained indicate that germline chimeras are similar in appearance of secondary sexual traits, and semen and testes characteristics to chickens produced in non‐manipulated way.     

云南小麦品种（系）锈病和赤霉病抗性功能基因的KASP标记检测

利用5个锈病成株期抗性基因的KASP标记Sr2_ger9 3p、Lr34jagger、CSTM4_67G、Lr68-2、VPM_SNP和抗赤霉病基因Fhb1的KASP标记TaHRC-KASP,对云南省育成的42个小麦品种（系）进行检测,旨在筛选出含有目标基因的优异小麦种质,为云南省持久抗病小麦新品种（系）的选育提供材料。结果表明,4个材料含兼抗型成株抗锈病基因Lr34/Yr18/Sr57,频率为9.52%;6个品种（系）含兼抗型成株抗锈病基因Lr67/Yr46/Sr55,频率为14.29%;7个材料含抗慢叶锈病基因Lr68,频率为16.67%;含兼抗型成株抗锈病基因Sr2/Yr30和成株抗叶锈基因Lr37的材料各有1个,频率均为2.38%;未检测出含抗赤霉病基因Fhb1的品种（系）。云麦69、云麦75、云麦56、宜麦1号和宜麦3号等兼有2个成株期抗锈病基因,可作为今后云南持久抗锈病育种的抗源材料。     

关于藏书倒架的研究与探讨——以中国矿业大学图书馆文昌科技图书阅览室为例

结合工作实际探讨藏书倒架的前期准备工作及倒架时的路线设计、人员组织安排和倒架后的环节完善。以期减轻图书馆人员在倒架工作中的劳动强度和工作量，提高工作效率。     

营运资本与公司综合治理对公司价值影响研究

拓展Faulkender 和Wang(2006)模型，引入公司综合治理水平变量，分析了公司综合治理水平和营运资本对公司价值的影响.运用我国A股市场2008~2013年数据进行实证，证实公司综合治理水平与营运资本对企业价值影响显著；边际营运资本价值小于边际现金价值，企业在现有营运资本水平下增加营运资本投资，将降低企业超额收益率，减少企业投资价值；商业性企业比工业性企业、高治理效率企业比低治理效率企业、受融资约束企业比不受融资约束企业具有更高的边际营运资本价值.     

秸秆深还机具特点和作业效率分析

秸秆深埋还田(秸秆深还)作为一种新兴的秸秆还田模式,其机具有别于地表覆盖还田和铧式犁翻压还田。为了科学管理、合理运用秸秆深还机械,提高机组的作业效率,在调查测试秸秆深还作业的基础上,对机具的特点进行了分析,同时对测试机组分别进行了时间利用率和作业效率分析。结果表明:对于各个机具的作业时间利用率和总作业效率影响因素有所不同。作业速度、幅宽、故障维修和地头转向是影响机械作业效率的主要因素。根据调查和分析的结果,针对秸秆深还作业中存在的问题提出了机组的合理运行模式。