日光温室冬茬番茄高产栽培技术

为提高沈阳地区日光温室冬茬番茄栽培的产量和质量,从温室条件、品种选择、育苗土配制、苗床消毒、播种、分苗、苗期管理等方面,详细介绍适合沈阳地区日光温室的番茄栽培技术,为番茄种植提供科学依据。     

越冬期麦田地表蒸散量估算模型适用性分析与参数修正

地表蒸散量是作物需水量估算以及农田水管理的重要依据。越冬期农田地表蒸散过程改变了土壤内部水热参数分布,进而影响春季作物的生长状况。本文对Penman-Monteith(PM)模型、Priestley-Taylor(PT)模型和Simultaneous heat and water(SHAW)模型在越冬期麦田地表蒸散量估算精度及适用性进行分析与评价,并针对冬季土壤冻结的特殊情况对模型参数进行了修正。麦田试验采集了北京市昌平区2011—2012年和2012—2013年2个冬季的气象参数与实际蒸散量。通过对比3种模型默认或经验参数下的估算值与实际测量值发现:PT模型对蒸散量的估算精度最高(PT、PM、SHAW模型RMSE分别为0.159、0.697、0.390 mm),PM和PT模型的估算整体高于实际测量值,其原因在于冬季地表经历了固-液相变和气-液相变两个过程。为了提高估算精度,在PT和PM模型中引入水分胁迫系数,并利用第1年冬季的数据对3种模型参数进行修正,结果表明,修正后的PM模型(2011—2012年RMSE为0.159 mm)和SHAW模型(2011—2012年RMSE为0.280 mm)对蒸散量的估算精度都有明显提高。将参数修正后的模型用于预测2012—2013年冬季的地表蒸散量,结果表明:3种修正模型的估算精度均较高(PT、PM、SHAW模型RMSE分别为0.267、0.252、0.253 mm)。相比之下,PT模型的计算最为简单,所需数据最少,因此,在估算越冬期麦田地表蒸散量时,可优先选择PT模型。     

Ice fishing reveals size structure but not abundance of Eurasian perch in small boreal lakes

Management of inland recreational fisheries would benefit from stock abundance and size structure data. Feasibly standardised angling methods such as ice fishing could produce representative catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) information on the abundance of different-sized fish in small lakes. Here, we first used standard Nordic multimesh gillnets to obtain number-per-unit-effort (NPUE), biomass-per-unit-effort (BPUE) and size structure data on Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) stocks in 11 small boreal lakes in summer. Second, the same lakes were ice-fished by voluntary anglers using a pre-defined, loosely standardised protocol to obtain angling-based NPUE, BPUE, and length frequency distributions. Effects of environmental variables such as water oxygen concentration and light penetration on angling catch rates were controlled statistically. Neither perch Nordic gillnet NPUE nor BPUE corresponded to ice-fishing CPUEs. However, the length distribution of the catch did not differ between methods. Our results imply that traditional ice fishing applying natural baits is relatively unselective for fish size and could produce valid length-based indicators for management purposes while angling CPUE was poorly related to Nordic gillnet CPUE.