一起违规使用餐厨泔水喂养生猪案的评析

2017年8月,青岛市某区动物卫生监督所监督检查发现,B养殖场使用饭店泔水喂养生猪。经立案调查,违法事实确实,依据《畜牧法》《青岛市无规定动物疫病区管理条例》等相关规定,依法给予了1 000元行政处罚。本文对法律法规的适用,泔水处理联防联控及强化普法宣传教育等内容进行了思考,着重分析了泔水喂猪传播非洲猪瘟的原因,坚持疏堵结合,提升泔水处置能力,引导养殖场(户)科学养殖。     

潲水油理化特性的检验分析

将潲水油与其他合格食用油的各项指标进行了对比试验。通过对潲水油的各项理化指标检验分析发现,潲水油的水分含量是金浩茶油的35倍、过氧化值是金浩茶油的5.5倍、酸价是金浩茶油的25.2倍,色泽和相对密度也高于合格食用油;碘值低于其他合格食用油;经冷冻试验,潲水油有析出物,油脂混浊;潲水油的电导率大于合格食用油,可利用电导率的特异性快速测定、鉴别潲水油。     

泔水组份分选机的设计

泔水富含有丰富的营养成分且经固液分离后能生产有机饲料、有机复合肥以及各种皂类物质。由于固液分离在泔水处理工艺中十分重要,因而设计了泔水组份分选装置。该分选装置主要通过电机控制滚筒筛和螺旋输送器,实现固液分离,再经过抽屉式油水分离层进行油液分离,以达到绿色环保和节能的目的,在固液分离方面有一定的应用价值。     

对泔水饲喂生猪行为行政处罚的探讨

为有效防控非洲猪瘟疫情,主管部门先后出台相关规定,严禁泔水喂猪。在执法实践中,围绕相关法律法规规定,各地对泔水喂猪行为处罚意见不一。《畜牧法》虽规定禁止从事畜禽养殖使用未经高温处理的餐馆、食堂的泔水饲喂家畜,但未明确此行为的具体处罚措施,法律震慑效果偏弱;泔水也并非《饲料和饲料添加剂管理条例》所称的饲料、饲料添加剂,不适合其处罚条款;认为非洲猪瘟防控期间,针对泔水喂猪行为,应按照《动物防疫法》相关规定进行行政处罚是科学可行的。本文进一步从完善立法、强化宣传、强化执法等方面进行了思考,以期为做好非洲猪瘟防控监督执法工作提供参考。     

Feeding of prohibited substances (swill) to pigs in Australia

Objective To assess current swill feeding legislation, swill feeding investigation practices by authorities and feeding practices of pig producers who trade via saleyards in eastern Australia in order to determine levels of understanding and conformance related to current swill feeding legislation. Method A three-tiered approach was undertaken to gather information on the feeding of prohibited substances (swill) to pigs in Australia. Firstly, a review of swill feeding legislation was undertaken to highlight the commonalities and inconsistencies between the various state and territory legislations in defining swill. Secondly, agricultural authorities were contacted in each state to gather information on swill feeding investigations undertaken in 2006. Finally, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 106 pig producers who traded pigs at one of six saleyards in eastern Australia to ascertain their knowledge of swill feeding and to determine the feeding practices of this sector of the industry. Results Areas of concern identified included (1) inconsistencies in the feedstuffs classed as ‘swill’ among states, (2) the number of producers who had been prosecuted for swill feeding in 2006 (n = 4 of 148 inspections), (3) the low knowledge base of producers who sell pigs at saleyards regarding swill feeding, and (4) the types of feedstuffs provided to pigs marketed at saleyards. Conclusion Our findings highlight the need for a consistent definition for ‘swill’ across Australian states and for improved awareness of swill feeding among producers, particularly those who market pigs at saleyards.     

河南省非洲猪瘟防控问题分析与对策思考

2018年河南省发生两起非洲猪瘟疫情后,全省迅速行动、快速响应、严格处置,疫情得到了有效控制。本文梳理了河南省围绕非洲猪瘟防控,所采取的生猪运输车辆备案、加强洗消中心建设、强化两场(种猪场、规模化养殖场)监管、严格检查站把关、加强“两体”(动物疫病防控和动物卫生监督体系)建设等一系列关键措施,指出了当前存在的生物安全措施不到位、泔水处置难度大、运输车辆备案条件不明确、屠宰场风险隐患大等问题,提示应强化联防联控、严厉打击违法、强化生物安全、严格屠宰环节,以期为国家非洲猪瘟防控提供工作思路。     

泔水传播非洲猪瘟的历史案例与启示

目前我国已有多个省暴发非洲猪瘟(ASF)。根据农业农村部公开的数据,泔水是传播ASF的重要因素之一。泔水传播ASF的风险也已被国际广泛认可。本文通过分析泔水传播ASF的原因,解读泔水传播ASF的国际实例,结合我国泔水饲喂情况,提出了避免ASF通过泔水饲喂扩散,必须依据现实、堵疏兼顾、科学规划整个养殖链条的想法。