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1.
采用氮吸附法对4种生物质焦(稻壳、树叶、玉米秆、棉花秆)的孔隙结构进行测量,结果表明,不同种类焦样的比表面积和孔径分布有明显差别,树叶的比表面积最大,为242.21 m2·g-1,玉米秆的比表面积最小,为0.81 m2·g-1.850℃时,稻壳、树叶、玉米秆焦样的孔径分布曲线在微孔和中孔范围各有一个分布峰,而棉花秆焦样的孔径分布曲线只在中孔范围内出现一个分布峰.热解温度是影响孔隙结构的一个重要因素,在高温条件下,同步热解得到的焦样的比表面积较大,微孔较多.在本研究中,600℃、850℃的稻壳焦样和850℃的树叶焦样具有较大的比表面积,比较适合做吸附剂. 相似文献
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为探讨不同水氮处理条件下紫花苜蓿生长状况与草地小气候特征的关系,以2年生紫花苜蓿“巨能7号”为研究对象,采用田间试验和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了宁夏引黄灌区地下滴灌条件下不同滴灌量和施氮量处理下紫花苜蓿生长特征和草地小气候的变化。结果表明:1)滴灌量和施氮量对紫花苜蓿的株高、叶面积和鲜草产量都有显著的影响,表现为紫花苜蓿的株高、叶面积和鲜草产量均随滴灌量和施氮量的增加而增加,当施氮量增加到一定值时,继续增施氮肥,其鲜草产量增产效果在不同滴灌量处理下表现出不同的趋势。2)与不施氮处理相比,增施氮肥降低了紫花苜蓿株间空气温度、浅层土层温度和株间光照强度,而增加了群体内部空气相对湿度。3)不同滴灌量对紫花苜蓿的生长微环境的调节作用不同,随着滴灌量的增加,紫花苜蓿群体相对湿度逐渐提高,而紫花苜蓿株间气温和浅层土层温度降温效应越明显。4)紫花苜蓿生育期间株高与叶面积、草产量和群体内部相对湿度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与群体内光照强度、株间气温、浅层土壤温度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。合理减少滴灌量和施氮量不仅能维持紫花苜蓿良好的生长特征,而且能提高鲜草产量和改善草地生态环境条件。本研究旨在为紫花苜蓿群体微环境生态因子的改善及高产优质栽培措施提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Soil saturation effects on forest dynamics: scaling across a southern boreal/northern hardwood landscape 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Patch modeling can be used to scale-up processes to portray landscape-level dynamics. Via direct extrapolation, a heterogeneous landscape is divided into its constituent patches; dynamics are simulated on each representative patch and are weighted and aggregated to formulate the higher level response. Further extrapolation may be attained by coarsening the resolution of or lumping environmental data (e.g., climatic, edaphic, hydrologic, topographic) used to delimit a patch.Forest patterns at the southern boreal/northern hardwood transition zone are often defined by soil heterogeneity, determined primarily by the extent and duration of soil saturation. To determine how landscape-level dynamics predicted from direct extrapolation compare when coarsening soil parameters, we simulated forest dynamics for soil series representing a range of drainage classes from east- central Maine. Responses were aggregated according to the distribution of soil associations comprising a 600 ha area based on local- (1:12,000), county- (1:120,000) and state- (1:250,000) scale soil maps. At the patch level, simulated aboveground biomass accumulated more slowly in poorer draining soils. Different soil series yielded different communities comprised of species with various tolerances for soil saturation. When aggregated, removal of waterlogging caused a 20–60% increase in biomass accumulation during the first 50 years of simulation. However, this early successional increase and the maximum level of biomass accumulation over a 200 year period varied by as much as 40% depending on the geospatial data. This marked discrepancy suggests caution when extrapolating with forest patch models by coarsening parameters and demonstrates how rules used to rescale environmental data need to be evaluated for consistency. 相似文献
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Temperature-dependent stock-recruitment model for walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) around northern Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
TETSUICHIRO FUNAMOTO 《Fisheries Oceanography》2007,16(6):515-525
Changes in fish year‐class strength have been attributed to year‐to‐year variability in environmental conditions and spawning stock biomass (SSB). In particular, sea temperature has been shown to be linked to fish recruitment. In the present study, I examined the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST), SSB and recruitment for two stocks of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) around northern Japan [Japanese Pacific stock (JPS) and northern Japan Sea stock (JSS)] using a temperature‐dependent stock‐recruitment model (TDSRM). The recruitment fluctuation of JPS was successfully reproduced by the TDSRM with February and April SSTs, and February SST was a better environmental predictor than April SST. In addition, the JPS recruitment was positively related to February SST and negatively to April SST. The JSS recruitment modeled by the TDSRM incorporating February SST was also consistent with the observation, whereas the relationship between recruitment and February SST was negative, that is the opposite trend to JPS. These findings suggest that SST in February is important as a predictor of recruitment for both stocks, and that higher and lower SSTs in February act favorably on the recruitment of JPS and JSS respectively. Furthermore, Ricker‐type TDSRM was not selected for either of the stocks, suggesting that the strong density‐dependent effect as in the Ricker model does not exist for JPS and JSS. I formulate hypotheses to explain the links between SST and recruitment, and note that these relationships should be considered in any future attempts to understand the recruitment dynamics of JPS and JSS. 相似文献
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放牧强度、植被结构与草地生态环境的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文综述了放牧对草地植物组成及植物生物量的影响、不同放牧方式和强度对家畜和草地的影响、高寒草甸地区人工草地建植和利用的研究进展。为了保护草地植物多样性及获得较高草地生产量,应使草地承受适当的放牧压力。 相似文献
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大青山不同密度油松人工林生物量研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在30 a生油松人工林中设置5块不同密度的标准地,分别选定样木,测其地上部分生物量,再换算到整个样地的平均生物量。结果表明:相似立地条件下,30 a生油松人工林在2 200株/hm2~4 400株/hm2一定密度范围内地上部分总生物量随样地林分密度递增而增大,总叶面积却随密度增加而减小。 相似文献
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不同放牧率对草甸植被特征的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
白哈斯 《干旱区资源与环境》2008,22(4):170-174
通过对羊草+苔草草甸进行受控放牧实验,定量研究了草地植被结构对不同放牧率条件下的反应特征。结果表明:所有不同放牧小区的四种牧草牧前高度远远低于对照小区,而且留茬高度差异不大。各种牧草放牧后的高度受草地群落生物量和牧草本身适口性的影响,适口性越高,降低程度越大。在整个生长季内,羊草+苔草草甸群落地上部分生物量一直处于不断增加的状态,其中苔草和芦苇地上生物量于6月份达到峰值;羊草于7月份达到峰值;香茅在整个生长季内不断增加,于8月份达到最大值。各放牧小区群落生物量均明显低于对照小区。随着放牧率的提高,多样性指数先增高后降低,即适度放牧有利于多样性的维持。 相似文献