Effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice

AIM:To study the protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) on nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin (CP) in mice. METHODS:Male C57 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (N group, n=10), CP group (intraperitoneal injection of CP at dose of 20 mg/kg, n=20), GSP group (intragastric administration of GSP at dose of 500 mg/kg, n=15) and CP+GSP group (intragastric administration of GSP 30 min prior to intraperitoneal injection of CP and intragastric administration of the same dose of GSP 72 h later, n=20). On the 5th day after CP treatment, blood and kidney samples were collected. The renal pathological changes were examined by HE staining. The protein expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) was examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS:Renal index, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were significantly higher in CP group than those in N group. The renal tissues were heavily damaged in CP group. The protein expression of GRP78 and p-ERK increased in CP group compared with N group. GSP treatment alleviated the increase in the renal index, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. The damages of the renal tissues were attenuated. The protein expression of GRP78 and p-ERK was obviously reduced in CP+GSP group compared with CP group. CONCLUSION:GSP prevents kidney from CP-induced damage by suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress.     

Grape seed proanthocyanidin regulates expression of GSTM through Nrf2 in renal tissues of STZ-induced diabetic rats

AIM: To investigate the potential mechanisms of renoprotective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) on diabetic nephropathy.METHODS: Male Wistar rats were injected with 1% streptozotocin (STZ) intravenously to induce diabetes mellitus (DM). The diabetic rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: diabetes group (DM group) and GSP treatment group (GSP group, GSP 250 mg·kg^-1·d^-1). The normal Wistar rats served as control (C group). Body weight (BW), systolic pressure, kidney weight/body weight (KW/BW), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and 24 h urine protein were determined 24 weeks after STZ intervention. The pathological changes of the renal tissues were observed. The protein levels of glutathione S-transferase mu (GSTM) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the renal tissues were determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared with C group, BW in diabetic rats decreased (P<0.01). The levels of systolic pressure, FPG, HbA1c, KW/BW, 24 h urine protein, BUN and SCr in DM group were higher than those in C group (P<0.01). After treated with GSP, the levels of systolic pressure, KW/BW, 24 h urine protein, BUN and SCr in DM rats were lower than those in DM rats without treatment (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The pathological changes were ameliorated in GSP group. The expression of GSTM and Nrf2 was up-regulated in the kidneys of diabetic rats and down-regulated to the normal levels after GSP treatment. CONCLUSION: The renoprotective effect of GSP is associated with the down-regulation of GSTM through modulating the expression of Nrf2.     

沙棘籽原花青素提取物对小鼠免疫调节实验研究

本项目研究了沙棘籽原花青素提取物对小鼠体内免疫调节作用。根据沙棘籽原花青素提取物软胶囊人体推荐日摄入量0.0433g/kg BW扩大10、20、30倍设置低、中、高3个剂量组,即0.433、0.867、1.300g/kg BW,另设阴性对照组和溶剂对照组。采用SPF级昆明种小鼠,连续经口灌胃给予,30d后开始实验。实验结果以P〈0.05判断为显著性差异,研究结果显示：与溶剂对照组及阴性对照组比较,沙棘籽原花青素提取物能明显增强ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力,明显增强二硝基氟苯诱导的小鼠迟发型变态反应,明显升高小鼠血清溶血素含量,明显增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞功能,明显增强小鼠碳廓清能力,明显增强抗体生成细胞能力。另外与阴性对照组和溶剂对照组相比,各剂量组对小鼠的脾和胸腺均无明显影响。结果提示：沙棘籽原花青素能显著提高小鼠免疫力,同时不会影响小鼠的免疫器官,无负面影响。     

葡萄皮和葡萄子的综合利用

葡萄皮和葡萄子是酿酒后的下脚料,主要含有色素、单宁、酚类及油脂和芳香类物质,如果不及时处理影响环境卫生。综合加工这些废料(葡萄皮、葡萄子),可以变废为宝,增加收入消除环境污染,提高人民生活水平。     

响应面分析法优化葡萄籽原花青素的提取工艺

在单因素试验的基础上,以料液比、浸提温度、乙醇浓度为自变量,原花青素得率为响应值,采用Box-Be-hnken试验设计,利用响应面分析法对葡萄籽原花青素的提取工艺进行优化.结果表明:试验确定的最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1∶11.15,温度55.6℃,乙醇浓度72.8%.在该条件下,原花青素的提取率达4.452%.     

低聚原花青素对STZ糖尿病小鼠血糖水平的影响

目的:观察低聚原花青素(OPC)对糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响。方法:用低聚原花青素对昆明小鼠进行口服毒性限量试验;采用STZ小剂量多次注射方法诱导糖尿病小鼠模型;实验组分别按50、100、150 mg/kg体质量灌胃给予OPC,模型组和正常对照组则灌胃给予等容积生理盐水,连续4周;观察小鼠的一般情况、动态监测实验动物外周血中血糖含量。结果:小鼠口服OPC限量试验结果>5 g/kg体质量,证实OPC安全、无毒性作用;成模小鼠的空腹血糖水平为18.37±2.13 mmol/L,明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),并出现三多一少的糖尿病症状,表明糖尿病模型制作成功;3个OPC给药组糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平升高趋势得到控制,血糖随着给药时间延长而下降,与模型组比较,具有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:OPC具有控制糖尿病小鼠血糖升高幅度,降低血糖水平、干预糖尿病发生发展进程的作用。     

芥菜型油菜BjA09.TT8和BjB08.TT8基因调节类黄酮的合成

bHLH类转录因子TT8具有调控植物类黄酮合成的功能。本研究采用同源克隆法,在芥菜型油菜紫叶芥中获得了2个TT8拷贝,分别命名为BjA09.TT8和BjB08.TT8,它们分别编码521和517个氨基酸。定量表达分析表明,这2个拷贝在叶中的表达量均显著高于茎和根中,且都响应茉莉酸(JA)信号,在50μmol L–1的茉莉酸甲酯处理0.5 h后表达量均达到峰值;利用毛状根体系过表达发现,BjA09.TT8和BjB08.TT8分别可使紫叶芥和绿叶芥菜型油菜四川黄籽的毛状根中总黄酮含量升高,同时对类黄酮合成基因Bj.CHS的表达具有促进作用,说明二者在功能上具有冗余性。分别在野生型拟南芥和拟南芥tt8突变体中过表达BjA09.TT8和BjB08.TT8发现,过表达拟南芥植株叶片颜色变紫,植株总黄酮和原花色素含量显著升高。本研究表明,BjA09.TT8和BjB08.TT8基因能够促进芥菜型油菜类黄酮的合成,为进一步解析芸薹属植物原花色素合成的调控机制提供了参考。     

不同基因型蚕豆原花青素含量分析

采用紫外分光光度法对8个不同基因型蚕豆品种原花青素含量进行测定.结果表明,蚕豆种皮原花青素含量范围在0.122%～5.444%,平均为2.784%,不同品种间差异极显著.蚕豆种皮颜色由浅变深,其原花青素含量呈近似线性增长,但种皮颜色相同的蚕豆品种之间原花青素含量差异不显著.蚕豆种皮颜色可作为鉴别原花青素含量的重要指示性状.     

葡萄籽中原花青素提取工艺的研究

以葡萄种子为原料,采用对比试验,探讨了乙醇浸提葡萄籽原花青素的工艺,确定了最佳的提取方法为:乙醇与水的比例为6∶4,在温度50℃下,超声波处理20min。在此条件下,可以得到颜色较好的原花青素粗品。     

荞麦皮中原花青素的提取工艺研究

以荞麦皮为原料,对其中的原花青素提取工艺进行了研究,以乙醇为提取剂,考察了乙醇浓度、提取时间、料液比及提取温度4个因素的影响,在单因素试验和正交试验的基础上,得出最佳的提取条件为:50%的乙醇为提取液,提取料液比为1∶20,提取时间为30 min,提取温度为60℃,提取液pH为5。该条件下可得到原花青素的量为4.35%。