不定根发生机理的研究进展

不定根的发生是一个复杂的过程,许多因子在这个过程中起调控作用。文章介绍了国内外关于基因表达、内源激素水平、酶的活性以及多胺水平影响不定根发生机理的研究进展。     

夜间温度对薄皮甜瓜果实膨大及多胺含量的影响

 为探讨果实内源多胺对温度胁迫的响应及其与果实膨大之间的关系,以薄皮甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)'玉美人'为试材,研究了不同夜间温度对果实膨大及内源多胺含量的影响。结果表明,12 ℃处理的单果质量、果实横径、纵径最大,其次是15 ℃处理,18 ℃处理的单果质量、果实横径、纵径显著低于15 ℃处理,而9 ℃处理又显著低于18 ℃处理。从果实多胺含量变化情况看,除精胺外,果实总多胺、亚精胺、腐胺均随着果实的发育而减少,但不同夜温处理间存在差异,在夜温处理6 d内的果实快速膨大期,腐胺、亚精胺、精胺和总多胺含量均是9 ℃夜温处理显著低于12 ℃、15 ℃和18 ℃处理,18 ℃处理又显著低于12 ℃和15 ℃处理,而15 ℃和12 ℃处理间无显著差异。腐胺、亚精胺、总多胺含量与单果质量增长率呈显著或极显著正相关。这些结果说明夜间温度对薄皮甜瓜果实膨大的影响可能与多胺含量的变化有关。     

D-精氨酸对渗透胁迫下水稻幼苗多胺含量和抗旱性的影响

摘要：以 ‘湘早籼32号’和 ‘旱116’为材料,研究渗透胁迫下外源D-Arg对水稻幼苗多胺含量和抗旱性的影响。结果表明,渗透胁迫下,外源D-Arg明显抑制水稻幼苗相对干重增长率和根系中Put、Spd和Spm含量的升高,而对株高相对增长率影响不明显。外源D-Arg+Put明显促进幼苗相对干重增长率和根系中Put、Spd和Spm含量的升高,且促进株高相对增长率的增加。表明,外源D-Arg不利于水稻幼苗抗旱性的提高,且Put能逆转D-Arg的抑制效应。     

植物生长调节剂在花期调控中的应用

利用人为的因素可控制花卉在自然花期之外开放,统称为花期调控。笔者主要综述了植物成花机理以及赤霉素等植物生长调节剂在花期调控中的机理和应用,以期对花期调控的应用起到借鉴作用。     

豆梨和杜梨叶片多胺代谢与高温胁迫关系的探讨

以杜梨和豆梨实生苗为试材,比较45℃温度处理下两种砧木叶片落叶率的变化,以及30和45℃温度处理后供试材料叶片内源多胺种类、形态和含量变化。结果表明:豆梨达到65%落叶率的时间比杜梨早8d;两种砧木叶片中均存在腐胺、己二胺、亚精胺和精胺;杜梨叶片游离态和结合态腐胺含量显著高于豆梨;处理16d后,豆梨游离态腐胺含量快速下降至10nmol·g-1以下,与平均落叶率达到65%所需时间一致。表明多胺代谢变化与供试材料的耐高温胁迫能力有密切关系,高温胁迫使得两种砧木叶片游离态和结合态腐胺含量逐步下降,并且导致游离态亚精胺和精胺含量增加,其中杜梨增加幅度更大。     

利用转录组测序技术分析ADC和NOS基因mRNA在鹅等级前卵泡中的表达

为研究精氨酸代谢的关键酶精氨酸脱羧酶(Arginine Decarboxylase,ADC)和一氧化氮合酶(Nitric-oxide Synthase,NOS)mRNA在鹅等级前卵泡中的表达情况。采用高通量测序技术对鹅等级前卵泡进行转录组测序分析,并通过荧光定量PCR对结果进行验证。通过FPKM值计算分析,这2个基因在鹅等级前卵泡中均有表达,且随着卵泡的发育,NOS mRNA的表达呈现先降低后增加再降低的趋势,在初级卵泡中的表达量达到最高值,在中白卵泡中的表达量最低。ADC mRNA的表达则呈现先增加后降低再增加的趋势,在初级卵泡中的表达量最低,在小白卵泡中的表达量最高。荧光定量PCR结果与转录组测序结果基本相同。     

An inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis — Difluoromethylornithine — and the polyamine spermidine for the control of gray mold(Botrytis Cinerea)

Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) — an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, and the polyamine spermidine (Spd) reduced gray mold of tomato, pepper, eggplant, bean andSenecio sp. leaves, and of rose petals by 37–88% when applied at 0.1–1.0 mM each. Higher doses did not result in better control. The disease was also reduced significantly on tomato fruits by 1.0 inM DFMO and by 0.1–1.0 mM Spd, and on cucumber fruits by 0.1–1.0 mM of both compounds, but not on grape berries. The combination of 0.2 mM DFMO with 1.0 mM Spd controlled gray mold ofSenecio sp. and tomato leaves additively better than either treatment alone, whereas this effect was not observed in leaves of lettuce and pepper. Ethylene production was reduced significantly by Spd applied to leaves of tomato and pepper, but not by DFMO. Linear growth and germination of the fungus were affected by lower concentrations of DFMO (ED50 0.12–0.97 and 1.4, respectively) as compared with Spd. Spermidine and DFMO controlled white mold(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) as effectively as did the fungicide benomyl. Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization. No. 3195-E, 1991 series.     

花生多胺氧化酶的组织化学定位及显微拍摄

报告了花生幼苗（苗龄为６ｄ）中多胺氧化酶的组织化学定位，并就该酶定位研究中的摄影问题提出了几点看法     

Dietary spermine supplementation induces intestinal maturation in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae

Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae were fed microparticulated compound diet containing 0 (FP0), 0.10 (FP10) and 0.33% (FP33) of a polyamine, spermine, from day 20 to day 38. LP group was fed live prey. This group exhibited the highest growth and survival. The addition of spermine did not lead to growth enhancement. A 33% survival improvement was obtained in FP33 group compared to FP0 group. The spermine addition affected the activity of pancreatic enzymes, trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase, during larvae development. This non specific effect suggested that the action of spermine would be mediated by hormones. In the intestine, the FP33 group exhibited from day 31 higher activities of brush border membrane enzymes (leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase) and lower level in a cytosolic enzyme (leucine-alanine peptidase) compared to FP10 and FP0 group. The diet containing the highest spermine level induced an enzymatic profile similar to that obtained in LP group and characteristic of a mature enterocyte. The initiation of enterocyte maturation at a proper development stage was associated to the survival improvement observed in FP33 group.     

多胺对果蔬采后生理生化作用机制的研究进展

介绍多胺(重点是腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm))在果蔬中的分布、作用机制以及多胺与乙烯生物合成的关系,并根据国内外的研究文献,分析果蔬采后内源多胺含量的变化和外源多胺对果蔬采后生理生化的影响,提出今后应深入研究多胺在不同果蔬保鲜方面的作用机制及应用中的主要问题。