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Total weed control within a crop is both difficult and expensive to achieve, so that some weeds will often remain to set seed. The seed production resulting from these weeds will ultimately affect the sustainability of the weed control strategy. If too much is allowed to return each season there could be a gradual, but significant, increase in the potential weed flora over a number of seasons. Field trials were carried out in 2000 and 2001 to quantify the potential magnitude of this weed seed return from Chenopodium album L., grown at two planting densities either in pure stands or in competition with one of two crops (cabbage or onion). Crop and weed weights and weed seed production were notably greater in 2001. Both dry weight and seed production of C. album were suppressed by increasing planting density or by the presence of crop, with cabbage having a more suppressive effect. Despite the plasticity in seed production, a linear relationship was demonstrated between log weed seed production and log weed biomass that was robust over a range of competitive situations with onion and cabbage, at different planting densities and in growing seasons. The study also demonstrated that the relationship could be combined with an existing simple competition model to allow the consequences of incomplete weed control to be assessed in terms of potential weed seed return. 相似文献
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【目的】初步探讨AcSCL4在洋葱成花中的功能,为解析洋葱成花分子调控机制提供理论基础。【方法】以长日生态型洋葱品系SB2为试验材料,根据已有的洋葱转录组数据,通过qRT-PCR筛选目的基因AcSCL4后进行基因克隆,并对其进行生物信息学分析;构建AcSCL4基因的过表达载体pB221-3300-AcSCL4并转化农杆菌,采用花序浸染法浸染拟南芥,并对T3代纯系转基因植株进行表型分析和开花相关基因表达量分析。【结果】洋葱AcSCL4基因CDS长1 515 bp,编码504个氨基酸;AcSCL4蛋白N端高度变异,C端有GRAS结构域。聚类分析发现,AcSCL4与石刁柏和棉花的SCL4蛋白亲缘关系较近。与野生型拟南芥相比,AcSCL4过表达植株表现晚花表型。荧光定量PCR结果表明,与野生型拟南芥相比,AcSCL4过表达植株开花调控基因CO和FT的表达量极显著下降。【结论】AcSCL4通过调控CO及FT基因表达来抑制洋葱开花。 相似文献
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Guido?MarchiEmail author Carlo?Viti Luciana?Giovannetti Giuseppe?Surico 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2005,112(2):101-112
Mixtures of wet vegetable wastes (Brassica, carrot or onion) and dry onion waste were composted at 50 °C for 7 days. The incorporation of the raw or composted vegetable waste mixtures into sandy loam, silt and peat soils reduced the viability of sclerotia of S. cepivorum in glasshouse pot bioassays. The reduction in viability was dependent on waste type, rate of incorporation, duration of exposure and soil type. Onion waste was the most effective waste type in reducing sclerotia viability in all three soils. The Brassica and carrot wastes were as effective as the onion waste in silt soil but less effective in sandy loam and peat soil. A 50% w/w incorporation rate of the wastes gave the largest reduction in viability, with an increase in reduction over time. Composted onion waste reduced sclerotia viability under glasshouse and field conditions although the effect was smaller in the field. Composted onion waste incorporated into soil at 50% w/w reduced the incidence of Allium white rot on onion seedlings in glasshouse pot tests. Incidence and control of the disease differed with soil type. The most consistent control was achieved in peat soil whereas no control was observed in silt soil. Incorporation of the waste 2 months prior to sowing or transplanting reduced seedling emergence in sandy loam soil and growth in all three soil types. The potential for field application of composted vegetable wastes as a sustainable method for control of Allium white rot and waste disposal is discussed. 相似文献
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Fusarium oxysporum,F. proliferatum and F. redolens associated with basal rot of onion in Finland 下载免费PDF全文
M. Haapalainen S. Latvala E. Kuivainen Y. Qiu M. Segerstedt A. O. Hannukkala 《Plant pathology》2016,65(8):1310-1320
In recent years in Finland, Fusarium infections in onions have increased, both in the field and in storage, and Fusarium species have taken the place of Botrytis as the worst pathogens causing post‐harvest rot of onion. To study Fusarium occurrence, samples were taken from onion sets, harvested onions and also from other plants grown in the onion fields. Isolates of five Fusarium species found in the survey were tested for pathogenicity on onion. Fusarium oxysporum was frequently found in onions and other plants, and, of the isolates tested, 31% caused disease symptoms and 15% caused growth stunting in onion seedlings. Fusarium proliferatum, a species previously not reported in Finland, was also identified. Over 50% of the diseased onion crop samples were infected with F. proliferatum, and all the F. proliferatum isolates tested were pathogenic to onion. Thus, compared to F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum seems to be more aggressive on onion. Also some of the F. redolens isolates were highly virulent, killing onion seedlings. Comparison of the translation elongation factor 1α gene sequences revealed that the majority of the aggressive isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae group together and are distinct from the other isolates. Incidence and relative proportions of the different Fusarium species differed between the sets and the mature bulbs. More research is required to determine to what extent Fusarium infections spoiling onions originate from infected onion sets rather than the field soil. 相似文献
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为了研究不同地区楼葱的特性,试验对我国不同地区12个楼葱栽培种的数量性状和品质性状进行了测定分析。14个数量性状的相关分析结果显示,主成分分析数量指标后,单株质量、株高、假茎质量、花葶高、叶形指数和假茎指数影响分类;相关性分析说明主要数量指标间具有极显著相关性(P<0.01)。聚类分析后,遗传距离为3.1时可将楼葱种质根据所得主要数量性状分为4个类群。测定不同地区楼葱6个品质指标后,相关性分析结果表明,紧实度与蛋白质含量、干物质率、香辛油含量、总糖含量、游离氨基酸总量存在着极显著正相关或相关性,主成分分析表明主成分反映了89.99%的原有信息量,楼葱的干物质率与紧实度为主要成分;应用灰色关联度分析了品质与数量性状的关系,假茎直径、出叶孔间距、单株质量这3个数量性状对楼葱品质的影响居前3位。研究表明楼葱种质材料具有极其丰富的遗传多样性,宁夏同心2个地区黄水桥HSQ、石羊圈SYJ的楼葱种质距其他种质资源间亲缘关系最远且干物质率含量及紧实度最高。 相似文献
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