Using laser to measure stem thickness and cut weed stems

Summary Stem thickness of the weed Solanum nigrum and the crop sugarbeet was determined with a He–Ne laser using a novel non‐destructive technique measuring stem shadow. Thereafter, the stems were cut close to the soil surface with a CO₂ laser. Treatments were carried out on pot plants, grown in the greenhouse, at two different growth stages, and plant dry matter was measured 2–5 weeks after treatment. The relationship between plant dry weight and laser energy was analysed using two different non‐linear dose–response regression models; one model included stem thickness as a variable, the other did not. A binary model was also tested. The non‐linear model incorporating stem thickness described the data best, indicating that it would be possible to optimize laser cutting by measuring stem thickness before cutting. The general tendency was that more energy was needed the thicker the stem. Energy uses on a field scale are discussed.     

激光脉冲在橘子表皮打标的效果研究

为满足水果追溯条码清晰、耐久的要求,选取橘子为试验对象,对比纳秒激光和皮秒激光在其表面打印二维码的效果.试验结果表明:与纳秒激光相比,皮秒激光在橘子表皮上打印的线条平直度佳,轮廓清晰,对表皮的损伤更小.     

Ca对AZ31镁合金CO2激光焊接接头组织和性能的影响

采用添加填充材料的CO2激光焊接工艺对AZ31镁合金薄板进行焊接,研究了不同Ca含量对焊缝金属的显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明：当激光功率为1 500 W,焊接速度为3 m/min时, AZ31镁合金CO2激光焊接的焊缝金属中添加一定量的σCa＜0.19%元素,可以得到成分相对较均匀、组织细小的焊缝.当填充带材为AZC04(焊缝中σCa=0.19%)时,焊缝区晶粒相对细小,析出相细小弥散,此时焊接接头的力学性能最优,焊接效率基本可达到100%.     

弥散性神经内分泌细胞标志物在妊娠期山羊黄体细胞中的共存

【目的】探讨S-100蛋白、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和突触素(SYP)4种弥散性神经内分泌细胞标志物在黄体细胞中的共存情况。【方法】采取妊娠中期(50~70 d)奶山羊卵巢,常规方法制备石蜡切片,采用免疫荧光双标记法结合激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察,对4种弥散性神经内分泌细胞标志物的分布进行了检测。【结果】S-100蛋白与SYP共存于同一黄体细胞中,表达呈强阳性,阳性细胞主要分布在黄体周边,占总阳性细胞的56.57%。S-100蛋白与5-HT、5-HT与SYP、NSE与SYP、5-HT与NSE、S-100蛋白与NSE共存的细胞呈弱阳性,分别占总阳性细胞的18.42%,15.67%,4.31%,4.30%和0.73%,均匀分布于整个黄体中。【结论】S-100蛋白、5-HT、NSE和SYP在山羊黄体细胞中有两两共存现象。     

影响激光熔覆质量的主要因素

激光熔覆层中的组织晶粒度和硬度高,稀释率低,抗摩擦磨损和抗腐蚀性能好;激光熔覆技术能改善零件质量,延长零件使用期限,提高生产系统的安全性和可靠性;本文分析了激光功率、光斑形状尺寸（或离焦量）和扫描速度、基体材料、熔覆层材料、搭接率等工艺参数对激光熔覆质量的影响规律及改善方法。     

CO2激光对小麦UV-B损伤防护作用的热效应机制初步研究

以6.62mW·mm-2CO2激光处理小麦(TriticumaestivumL“)小偃22-2”干(Ds)湿(Ws)种子30s后,种子温度分别由23.8℃、22.6℃升至31℃、26℃。用培养箱设定温度模拟CO2激光热效应预处理小麦种子30s后,水培至12d幼苗,在22.5μW·cm-2UV-B下辐照11h,再暗培养14h后取叶测定相关生理指标。结果表明,激光处理使小麦干种子瞬间温度升高太大,升温预处理使叶绿素含量下降,紫外吸收物含量增加,不仅没有起到防护作用反而加重了伤害;而对于小麦湿种子来说,由于含水量增加,温升较适宜,从叶绿素和丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性来看,升温预处理减弱了UV-B辐照造成的损伤,但与对照相比,并不能完全抵消这种伤害。因而CO2激光致热对小麦UV-B损伤防护的生物效应还难以判定。     

A spatially-explicit method to assess the dry deposition of air pollution by urban forests in the city of Florence,Italy

Urban forests (UF) provide a range of important ecosystem services (ES) for human well-being. Relevant ES delivered by UF include urban temperature regulation, runoff mitigation, noise reduction, recreation, and air purification. In this study the potential of air pollution removal by UF in the city of Florence (Italy) was investigated. Two main air pollutants were considered – particulate matter (PM₁₀) and tropospheric ozone (O₃) – with the aim of providing a methodological framework for mapping air pollutant removal by UF and assessing the percent removal of air pollutant.The distribution of UF was mapped by high spatial resolution remote sensing data and classified into seven forest categories. The Leaf Area Index (LAI) was estimated spatially using a regression model between in-field LAI survey and Airborne Laser Scanning data and it was found to be in good linear agreement with estimates from ground-based measurements (R² = 0.88 and RMSE% = 11%). We applied pollution deposition equations by using pollution concentrations measured at urban monitoring stations and then estimated the pollutant removal potential of the UF: annual O₃ and PM₁₀ removal accounted for 77.9 t and 171.3 t, respectively. O₃ and PM₁₀ removal rates by evergreen broadleaves (16.1 and 27.3 g/m²), conifers (10.9 and 28.5 g/m²), and mixed evergreen species (15.8 and 31.7 g/m²) were higher than by deciduous broadleaf stands (4.1 and 10 g/m²). However, deciduous forests exhibited the largest total removal due to the high percentage of tree cover within the city. The present study confirms that UF play an important role in air purification in Mediterranean cities as they can remove monthly up to 5% of O₃ and 13% of PM₁₀.     

脉冲激光轰击法连续制备纳米金掺杂YBCO

利用超声法获得钇钡铜氧（YBCO）和乙醇混合溶液,采用聚焦脉冲激光轰击浸于流动无水乙醇中的金靶,连续制备得到纳米金和乙醇混合溶胶.将纳米金和乙醇混合溶胶直接滴入接收器中的YBCO和乙醇混合溶液中,经干燥获得纳米金掺杂的YBCO材料.结果发现,纳米金未明显改变YBCO的吸放热现象,对样品的组成影响不大;掺杂0.01%、0.05%重量比例的纳米金后YBCO的结晶度和超导转变温度Tc均有所提高.     

The Fluorescent Characterization and Analysis of Two Brucella Attenuated Vaccine Infecting Mouse Macrophagocyte

The experiment was conducted to discuss the difference of binding time of green fluorescent protein B.melitensis M5 (GFP-M5) and B.abortus S19 (GFP-S19) infecting the mouse macrophagocyte (RAW264.7),lysosome,endoplasmic reticulum and golgi body in the initial stage and compare the binding rate of GFP-M5,GFP-S19 with organelle in different timeline,respectively,by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and flow cytometry.The result showed that GFP-M5 and GFP-S19 were successfully constructed.The intracellular survival ability of Brucella M5,Brucella S19,GFP-M5 and GFP-S19 were not obvisouly affected after infecting RAW264.7.GFP-M5 and GFP-S19 could enter the macrophagocyte in 30 mins,and in 2 h the Brucella could reach lysosome,endoplasmic reticulum and golgi body.In addition,the binding time for two attenuated vaccine did not show differences in 1,2,3 and 4 h.The content of GFP⁺ cell produced by RAW264.7 infected by GFP-M5 and GFP-S19 did not show significant differences (P>0.05).Therefore,the two strains did not have significant differences in the invasion ability in the initial stage of infecting host cell.