滴灌下生物质改良材料对盐渍土水盐氮运移的调控效应

为探究生物质改良材料对滴灌盐渍土水、盐、肥运移过程的调控效应，采用土箱模拟试验，研究了水肥一体化滴灌条件下，生物炭和腐殖酸两种改良材料对盐渍土水、盐、氮运移和再分布过程及其时空分布特征的影响规律。结果表明：在滴灌条件下，盐渍土壤水盐的时空动态变化表现出明显的水分入渗驱动的盐分运移过程和蒸发扩散驱动的水盐再分布过程；铵态氮含量在时间上表现出先增大、后减小的变化趋势，在空间上的运移再分布特征较弱；硝态氮含量初始时空分布表现出与水盐相似的运移特征，受铵态氮硝化作用的多重影响，后期空间分布与铵态氮空间分布相似；生物炭通过提高土壤饱和导水率，增大了入渗阶段土壤水、盐、氮的运移速率和分布范围；腐殖酸通过提高土壤田间持水率增大了再分布过程土壤水、盐、氮的分布范围和强度，同时其对尿素的水解和硝化过程表现出更强的抑制效果。应用生物质改良材料在改变土壤物理性状进而调控滴灌土壤水盐运移的同时，还影响土壤氮素转化运移过程及其分布，这为水肥一体化滴灌盐渍农田的节水、控盐、减肥治理提供了理论基础。     

楸树自然变异与良种选择

对楸树中７种与生长相关的变异因子进行了数量化分析，得出树高、胸径、单株立木材积的主要因子与生长的相关关系，并建立了线性回归方程。提出了良种这样及早期测定的形质性状标准。     

巫溪红池坝改良草地鼠类调查报告

对重庆巫溪红池坝改良草地中鼠形动物的种类进行抽样调查、室内饲养、解剖鼠胃和洞道研究，结果显示，该改良草地中有鼠形动物2目3科4种，其对草地危害方式和为害程度均不一样。提出了改良草地中鼠害的防治措施。     

南方双季稻区小行距插秧机的改进设计与试验

针对300mm行距插秧机在南方双季稻区栽插行距过大、穴数过少及不能充分发挥机插稻的增产潜力问题,在300mm行距插秧机结构的基础上,通过机械优化设计和田间农艺技术相结合的方法,对其插植部箱体、苗箱、支架(包括左右支架和中间支架)和浮板4个关键部位技术参数改进设计,研制出了适合南方双季稻区作业的2ZS-488B型(264mm行距)插秧机,并于2012-2013年在江西省2个试验点进行不同早晚稻品种机插行距的大田对比试验。结果表明:该插秧机作业性能稳定,漂秧率、伤秧率和漏插率分别为1.55%、2.68%和1.93%,相对均匀度合格率为89.54%。与300mm行距插秧机相比,其产量平均增产529.43kg/hm2,平均增产率达8.57%。该研究结果创新了南方双季稻区新的机械化栽插方式,有利于农机农艺的有效融合。     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

Distribution Network Structure Planning Based on Improved Immune Genetic Algorithm

Distribution Network Structure planning is a complex combinatorial optimization problem,which is difficult to solve properly by using traditional optimization methods.In order to solve this problem,Improved Immune Genetic Algorithm is introduced to the distribution network optimal planning. Improved Immune Genetic Algorithm draws into the immune diversity and antibody's density mechanism to maintain the individual's diversity and remains evolution algorithm's global stochastic searching ability,so it can promote diversity and the whole optimal-searching ability of genetic algorithm.The optimal module takes the minimum annual cost as its object,and the capacity and voltage drop of feeder and the radiation of distribution network as its restrictions.According to the require of radiation of distribution network,the spanning tree of the alternative network is taken as the initial solution to speed up the calculation.And the branch-exchange method is used in designing crossover operator and mutation operator to avoid the radiation checking and enhance the optimizing ability.This algorithm has been illustrated effectively by examples,at the same time,the calculation example demonstrates that,the algorithm has higher calculation speed than the traditional immune genetic algorithm.     

The Convergence Rates of Improveed Kernel Estimators for Regression Function

The kernel function of kernel estimator for regression function is often defined with compact support, the moment of Y is bigger than one. The convergence rate of the improved kernel estimator is discussed under the improved kernel function. The result is also discussed under random censorship. The class of applicable kernels include those having unbounded support and even not integral .The condition of moment of Y is discarded under the improved kernel estimator. The results are wholly the same as usual and generalize the relative results of the paper .     

Synthetic Assessment of Power Transformer Condition Based on Matter-element Theory

Condition assessment on power transformer is an important approach to improve reliability of transformer and provide proper decision-making for condition-based maintenance. For long, static assessment method used in the past has already not adapted to the development of modem electricity transmission and distribution technology. So based on the deficiency of fuzzy synthetic assessment method, matter-element synthetic assessment method is introduced. The method can evaluate transformer condition not only in quality but also in quantity. Because each index weight can be given fairly and fast through improved analytic hierarchy process, which need not carry on consistency chec accuracy of assessment can be improved. Examples analysis has proved that assessment method of power transformer condition based on matter-element theory is rational and effective.     

基于人工神经网络的PV/T热电联供系统性能预测

为研究太阳能PV/T热电联供系统的性能和针对太阳能PV/T系统复杂的能量平衡方程,搭建了太阳能PV/T系统试验台,同时建立了基于改进灰狼优化的BP神经网络(back propagation neural network model based on improved grey wolf algorithm, IGWO-BP)预测模型,在晴朗天气下进行试验,并采用该模型对系统电功率以及蓄热水箱内水温进行预测。结果显示,晴朗日系统的电效率8.7%～12.2%、热效率51.7%;预测结果与BP神经网络预测模型、基于粒子群优化的BP神经网络(back propagation neural network based on particle swarm optimization, PSO-BP)预测模型和卷积神经网络（convolutional neural network, CNN）预测模型预测结果进行比较,结果显示IGWO-BP预测模型电效率预测模型的绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage error, MAPE)、决定系数(determination coefficient, R ² )、均方根误差(root mean square error, RMSE)、效率因子(efficient factor, EF)和Pearson相关系数(pearson related coefficient, r )分别为4.5E-05、0.99、0.24、0.99和1.00,在储热罐温度预测中,上述指标分别为8.90E-04、0.98、0.07、0.98、0.99,均优于其他预测模型,IGWO-BP神经网络预测模型具有更好的预测性能。研究结果可为太阳能PV/T热电联供系统性能预测与优化控制提供参考。     

黑土区土壤侵蚀厚度对土地生产力的影响及其评价

为了研究黑土区土壤侵蚀厚度对土地生产力的影响,采用盆栽试验,人为剥离黑土表层0、5、10、15、20、25和30 cm土壤以模拟侵蚀厚度不同的耕层土壤,分析土壤侵蚀厚度对土壤理化性质、大豆生物性状和水分利用效率等指标的影响。并对TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution)模型进行改进,用于评价侵蚀厚度不同的土壤的土地生产力。结果表明:土壤全N、碱解N、全P、速效P、有机质含量和土壤田间持水率均随侵蚀厚度的增加而递减,土壤容重随侵蚀厚度的增加而递增。土壤侵蚀厚度对大豆生长有显著影响,随着侵蚀厚度的增加,大豆减产率呈"S型"曲线递增,产量、耗水量呈"Z型"曲线递减,水分利用效率呈指数曲线关系递减。改进的TOPSIS模型对不同侵蚀厚度下土地生产力的评价结果较为理想,计算的土地生产力指数随土壤侵蚀厚度的变化呈"Z型"曲线,与大豆产量的变化趋势相同,且二者呈指数函数关系,决定系数达0.996,均方根误差为0.65。研究结果可为黑土区土壤侵蚀防治提供理论依据。