A releaser pheromone that attracts methyltestosterone- treated immature fish in the urine of ovulated female rainbow trout

SUMMARY: Behavioral experiments concerning a releaser pheromone in the urine of female rainbow trout were performed using immature fish administered orally with 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) during the non-spawning season. The urine was collected by catheter. The frequency of entries of test fish was recorded in each channel scented by test and control solutions in a Y-maze trough. The behavior of both MT-treated and control fish demonstrated that they could not discriminate the differences between distilled and environmental water as control solutions. There was also no difference between MT-treated and control fish when distilled and environmental water were introduced. The MT-treated immature fish were attracted to the channel scented by ovulated female urine. Neither coelomic fluid nor the immature female urine had any effect on the behavioral responses of MT-treated fish, while immature control fish had no preference for the urine of ovulated females. These results suggest in rainbow trout that ovulated female urine contains a releaser pheromone to attract mature males, and that androgens are involved in the sensory mechanisms detecting the releaser pheromone in fish.     

柞蚕肠液理化性质与饲料效率的相关性研究

对柞蚕肠液的理化性质与饲料效率的相关性进行研究的结果表明 :柞蚕肠液对促进蚕体抗病与消化吸收功能有着重要作用 ,平均每头蚕有肠液 1 76mL ,品种间开差为 0 78mL ,相对开差 5 7 80 % ,肠液量越多 ,饲料效率越高 ;柞蚕不同品种肠液pH平均值未发现明显差异 ,但强健好养饲料效率高的品种个体间开差小 ;柞蚕肠液缓冲力除与品种强健性有关外 ,还与品种的饲料效率呈正相关 ,在强健丰产与高饲料效率品种中 ,肠液恢复pH原值所需时间越短 ,饲料效率越高 ,电刺法取出肠液后 ,肠液恢复缓冲力所需时间是恢复其pH原值时间的 1 8倍多 ,同恢复肠液pH原值所需时间长短与品种强健性和饲料效率的关系完全一致。     

Quasi-non-linear fracture mechanics analysis of splitting failure in simply supported beams loaded perpendicular to grain by dowel joints

A quasi-non-linear fracture mechanics model based on beam on elastic foundation theory is applied for analysis of the splitting failure of dowel joints loaded perpendicular to grain. Simply supported beams symmetrically loaded by two dowels are considered, and the effects of edge distance, dowel spacing, and distance between dowels and supports are accounted for. The foundation modulus used in the beam on elastic foundation model is chosen so that the perpendicular-to-grain tensile strength and fracture energy properties of the wood are correctly represented. This ensures that a conventional stress analysis and failure criterion lead to the same solution as the compliance method of fracture mechanics. A semiempirical efficiency factor is proposed to account for the influence of the total beam depth, which does not enter the beam on elastic foundation model, but the effect of which is evident from tests. It is shown that the so-called Van der Put/Leijten model, which recently has been adopted in Eurocode 5, appears as a special case of the model presented. Tests on simply supported beams with a single dowel joint at midspan are compared with the theoretical predictions. Various edge distances, beam depths, and spans were tested.     

GRC构件在建筑装饰业的应用

本文系统地阐述了GRC构件的产品性能,施工工艺及方法、特点,展望未来建筑业外装饰的发展趋势。     

葡萄子油及原花青素研究与开发利用

综述了葡萄子油、葡萄子原花青素等天然产物的提取与保健作用的研究进展,原花青素的生物活性及药理研究的现状,葡萄子油成分分析方法和葡萄子,提取物中原花青素含量测定的方法;介绍了用超临界CO2萃取法制取高质量的葡萄子油和应用夹带剂提取葡萄子中的原花青素的方法。分析了葡萄子的综合开发的应用前景。     

瘤胃液移植在反刍动物中的研究进展

瘤胃液移植是一种将健康供体动物的瘤胃液转移给受体动物的技术。目前，针对瘤胃液移植的报道还相对有限，但越来越多的研究结果显示，瘤胃液移植可以影响反刍动物的干物质采食量、产奶量等，还具有重建瘤胃菌群结构的潜力。本文综述了瘤胃液移植的方法及实践中的应用研究，分析其对反刍动物生长性能、瘤胃发酵、瘤胃微生物区系的影响以及在治疗某些疾病方面的作用，为反刍动物瘤胃液移植的研究提供参考。     

Transient bilateral blindness associated with presumptive idiopathic pachymeningitis in a 22-year-old Irish Sport Horse

A 22-year-old Irish Sport Horse presented following a period of bilateral blindness with subsequent spontaneous resolution. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated features consistent with pachymeningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed increased numbers of basophils, suggestive of an immunologic or neoplastic aetiology. It was suspected that the enlarged meninges led to compression of the optic nerves in the optic canals, causing bilateral blindness. Initial spontaneous remission, as seen in this case, has been reported in human patients with this condition. Pachymeningitis should be considered as a possible cause of cranial nerve deficits, including bilateral and unilateral blindness, in horses.     

产前和产后香味剂印迹训练对仔猪断奶后采食偏好的影响及其机理

仔猪断奶后受到心理、营养、环境等多方面的刺激,导致应激反应,影响仔猪的采食量。固体饲粮代替母乳是最大的应激源,通过在母猪饲粮中添加香味剂对仔猪产前和产后进行香味剂印迹训练,使仔猪逐渐喜欢这种气味,降低其对添加相同香味剂饲粮的应激反应,并对有相同气味的饲粮有采食偏好,从而提高仔猪的采食量。本文对产前和产后香味剂印迹训练对仔猪断奶后采食偏好的影响及其机理进行综述,为养猪业相关试验研究提供理论依据。     

凸齿镇压器作业过程的运动学与动力学分析

[目的]基于理论推导建立凸齿镇压器作业过程中的运动学和动力学模型。[方法]根据运动学中刚体做平面运动的瞬心定理和牵连运动为平动时质点的加速度合成定理,建立凸齿镇压器在不同工作阶段的运动参数模型;根据动力学中的动量定理、动能定理和冲量定理,建立凸齿镇压器工作状态中所需牵引力、凸齿与地面作用瞬间产生的冲击力和冲击能的参数模型。[结果]凸齿镇压器作业过程中所需的牵引力随着凸齿镇压器的自身质量和滚动阻力系数的增加而增大,而凸齿镇压器转动惯量的增加会降低凸齿镇压器所需牵引力;冲击过程中,凸齿镇压器的牵引速度越大、质量和转动惯量越大、冲击时间越短,则冲击力越大;凸齿镇压器冲击土壤时的冲击能随着凸齿的转动惯量、质量和质心竖直向下移动距离的提高而增加,而随土壤的弹性系数与土壤的塑性变形量的增加而减小。[结论]建立了凸齿镇压器在不同工作状态下运动学及动力学模型,分析并揭示了凸齿镇压器结构参数与运动参数间的相互联系,探索了凸齿镇压器冲击土壤的特征规律,为设计和优化其结构参数和运动参数提供了理论依据。