“藏粮于地”战略下高标准农田建设模式研究*

高标准农田建设是我国“藏粮于地”战略的重要抓手,是确保粮食产能的重要支撑。在梳理大量参考文献、政策文件和标准规范的基础上,针对现阶段高标准农田建设存在管理体制不完善、空间潜力不足、投资标准偏低、建设质量不高等问题,总结归纳高标准农田建设模式总体构架,通过对我国高标准农田建设综合评价结果排名靠前和提升较快的省份开展高标准农田建设模式调查研究,围绕管理体制、规划布局、建设标准、资金保障以及实施管理方面,提出系统构建高标准农田建设模式的对策建议,为提高高标准农田建设质量作有益参考。     

长武塬区苹果园和农田相互转换的深层土壤水环境效应

研究长武塬区苹果园和农田相互转换后0~1 000 cm土壤含水量特征，分析了苹果园土壤干燥化和苹果园转换为农田后土壤水分的恢复效应。结果表明：2、7、17、23、29 a苹果园200~1 000 cm的平均土壤含水量分别为22.8%、21.4%、16.8%、15.4%、14.9%。500~1 000 cm土层中，29 a苹果园平均土壤含水量（14.5%）高于23 a的果园（13.3%）；17~29 a的苹果园均表现为轻度干燥化；基于苹果园和农田转换后土壤水分变化情况估算，苹果园最大种植年限为21 a。苹果园转换为农田1、5、10 a后，农田200~1 000 cm土层土壤含水量分别为：15.3%、15.7%和16.2%，恢复到土壤稳定湿度以上的土层厚度分别为140 cm（1 a）、220 cm（5 a）和400 cm（10 a）。     

Soil protection for a sustainable future: options for a soil monitoring network for Ireland

The increased recognition of the importance of soil is reflected in the UN Post‐2015 Development Agenda with sustainable development goals that directly and indirectly relate to soil quality and protection. Despite a lack of legally binding legislation for soil protection, the European Commission remains committed to the objective of soil protection. However, the achievement of a legally binding framework for soil protection relies on the implementation of a soil monitoring network (SMN) that can detect changes to soil quality over time. As beneficiaries do not pay for the provision of soil information, the options for soil monitoring are limited. The use of existing data sets should be considered first. Using Ireland as an example, this research explored the opportunities for a SMN for Ireland considering three existing national data sets. The options for a SMN are considered in terms of their spatial and stratified distribution, the parameters to be measured and an economic analysis of the options proposed. This research finds that for Ireland, either a 10 or a 16 km² grid interval stratified by land use and drainage class offers the best potential in relation to the spatial distribution of existing data sets to reflect local data at a national level. With existing data, the stratified SIS data using the 16 km² grid offers the best value for money, with baseline costs for analysis, excluding field costs, of between €706 481 and €2.8 million. Acknowledging the impossibility of measuring all parameters with ideal frequency, this study proposes a two‐tier system for optimized monitoring frequency. Parameters must anticipate future policy requirements. Finally, the implementation of a SMN must be accompanied by standardized methods, defined thresholds and action mandates to maintain soil quality within allowable limits.     

上虞海涂实验农场中心试验区排水系统探讨

上虞市海涂实验农场中心试验区的排水系统，能满足十年一遇的年最大２４ｈ降雨，两天内排出的要求。滨海盐土的地下水位高，农田基本建设除用浅、密的排水沟布置外，还应结合平整土地、发展灌溉以及适用的农、林技术等综合措施，才能达到治盐改土的效果。     

农田鼠害抽样技术研究

采用Iwao的方法,研究分析农田鼠害的最佳抽样数,并对常见的抽样法进行数理统计分析,从而得出最佳抽样法为平行跳跃式。在精确度为0.25,估计鼠害率为5％时,每一调查田块取样200窝,每样方5窝。     

Quantitative site classification in the key county in the conversion of farmland to forests project

According to the requirements of the conversion of farmland to forests project (CFFP), we investigated the vegetation factors and environmental factors from more than 6,105 sub-compartments in Liangcheng County, Inner Mongolia by using the Matlab, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the hierarchical cluster method (HCM). The site conditions were classified quantitatively. The results show that CFFP at this site comprises five site-type groups and 19 site types. A quantitative site classification system method has been established in this paper. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2005, 27(6) [译自: 北京林业大学学报, 2005, 27(6)]     

Use of space by bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) in a polish farm landscape

Movements of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) were studied in a farmland mosaic in Poland. Distances crossed by animals in short-time periods are significantly longer in heterogenous than in homogenous habitats. In long-time and large-spatial scales, a significant portion of the animals in a population travel among habitat elements of the mosaic, reducing the degree of isolation of patch populations and decreasing the probability of local extinction.     

土地整治项目对农田生态系统影响的能值分析

为在项目尺度构建土地整治农田生态系统能值分析框架,以江苏省宜兴市土地整治项目作为案例,根据设定的土地整治工程使用年限,从项目建设-使用过程和项目全生命周期2个时间维度,对土地整治工程建设对农田生态系统的影响进行了研究。结果表明:在项目建设-使用过程维度,1)项目建设期大量物料投入和电力等资源输入,导致能值投入加大,能值产出下降;2)受土地整治影响,项目建设导致农田生态系统自给能力减弱,对外界经济投入依赖度增加,净能值产出率下降,环境负载率增大,农田生态系统可持续发展能力下降;从生命全周期来看,3)由于土地整治工程的影响,各项能值指标在项目建设期出现陡增和陡降现象,随着土地整治工程竣工以及效益发挥,各项能值开始趋于平稳,并在全周期末各项指标优于土地整治前各项指标,全生命周期内预计给农田生态系统带来2.23E+19sej能值产出和60.15万美元能值-货币价值。综合而言,土地整治在项目建成后的10年内对项目区农田生态系统具有积极影响,但此后,可能将对项目区的生态环境造成了一定的压力。     

轻钢结构抗震节能体系在“塞上农民新居”中的应用

针对宁夏地区农民传统住宅抗震性差，建筑外围护结构保温性能差，采暖系统能源消耗量大，环境污染严重等问题，提出采用轻钢结构配以轻质保温板材的轻钢结构抗震节能体系，以期为宁夏农村住宅设计提供指导性建议。     

市政工程中给排水施工的管理分析

随着国内城市化的推进，市政工程的给排水工程越发显得重要。传统的给排水施工技术已经无法满足城市发展要求，社会对给排水的施工质量提出了更高地要求。文章结合当前给排水施工管理现状，对给排水施工的施工管理各方面进行简要探析。