中国企业经营者人性特征及激励路径研究

人性特征是设计激励路径的逻辑前提。按照马克思的人性观 ,人性有其一般性特征 ,即人性内涵的多样性 ,人性的可变化性和人性的趋向完善性。但由于受中国现阶段政治、经济、文化及社会的影响 ,中国企业经营者人性又有其个性特征。与其个性特征相符的激励路径是 :坚持“适应论”与“可塑论”相结合 ,以“可塑论”为主 ;坚持物质激励与精神激励相结合 ,以精神激励为主。     

自助式整体薪酬在农信系统职业经理人激励中的应用

从现行农信系统职业经理人激励中存在的问题入手,结合职业经理人自身的特点,对自助式整体薪酬在职业经理人激励中的特点和优点进行了研究,在此基础上,对自助式整体薪酬的具体实施和应注意的问题进行了简要分析。     

Enabling natural resource managers to self-assess their adaptive capacity

We describe the development of a low cost, repeatable self-assessment process enabling community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) groups to set priorities for building their capacity to adopt sustainable farming practices and adapt to global change. Regional measures of adaptive capacity derived from rural livelihoods analysis were populated with secondary data and used to communicate the multiple dimensions of adaptive capacity to groups of landowners. This conceptual framework was then used to derive locally relevant measures of adaptive capacity via focus groups drawn from pre-existing networks of land managers. The key issue discussed at the workshop was what constrained or enabled private land managers to effectively manage natural resources. This self-assessment process was designed to support dialogue between CBNRM groups, industry and governments to prioritise collective action for building adaptive capacity. The approach was piloted with CBNRM groups across New South Wales, Australia.     

企业管理者的必要条件—人格素质与能力结构

在市场经济不断深入发展的今天,一个企业的兴衰成败与企业管理者的素质有着直接的关系。要想企业在激烈的国际国内市场竞争中赢得主动,使之永远立于不败之地,作为一名合格的企业管理者,不但要具有进取性、创造性、协调性这些能力,还要掌握处理技术问题的技能、处理人事关系的技能、形成概念的技能。     

Land manager decision-making practices when establishing public fruit-bearing plants in Hennepin county municipalities,Minnesota

Increasingly, public land managers face decisions about using fruit-bearing perennial plants (including fruiting trees, shrubs, and vines) on public lands. While public trees provide many positive ecological, economic, and community health benefits, fruit-bearing perennials provide similar benefits and more. Expanded benefits include enhanced pollinator habitat, increased food access, unique educational opportunities, and ways for residents to interact more deeply with public vegetation. Despite the benefits of fruit-bearing perennials, their use and incorporation into public spaces vary among cities, resulting in an uneven and often inequitable distribution of public services. This study aims to better understand public land managers’ decision-making processes by exploring what factors are considered when deciding to plant, or not plant, fruit-bearing perennial vegetation. Specifically, interviewees (n = 12) described what they perceive as the most significant benefits and barriers to establishing fruit-bearing perennials in public spaces. Respondents reported using fruit-bearing perennials to augment species diversity, community engagement, wildlife habitat, and public education. Barriers cited included limited time and financial resources for management, lack of specialized training, fears associated with liability, limited public awareness, and competing urban forestry goals. This study contributes to the literature on public land manager decision-making which has not previously focused specifically on fruit-bearing perennials. The findings inform vegetation decision-making and urban natural resource planning by outlining key risks and rewards of adopting fruit-bearing perennials.     

Indicator development for sustainable urban park management in Hong Kong

Urban park managers in densely-populated metropolises such as Hong Kong have to cope with dynamic user expectations, the impacts of recreation, and the shortage of resources over time, and the goal to improve park management strategies is ongoing. Indicators are potentially effective yardsticks for measuring park conditions and explaining the implications of various conditions on sustainable park management. This study solicits an indicator set through a two-tiered process of indicator selection, screening and rating, and a tripartite engagement by 20 park managers, 9 local scholars, and 743 park users in Hong Kong. The findings from the user-perceived level of importance of each indicator suggest that users pay close attention to landscaping, and that users consider the environmental quality of parks to be important management aspects. User-associated components of urban park management are identified, which reveal gradual changes in park features over the years.     

企业管理者如何摆脱授权误区

有效的授权可以使企业管理者从琐碎的事务中解脱出来,但如果授权运用不当,也可能会走入误区.本文从授权程度、授权标准、权力与责任等几方面对授权的误区进行了简要分析,并有针对性地提出了相应的解决对策,希冀能帮助企业管理者有效地克服和防止授权的失败,使管理者能够正确有效地授权.     

Communication between scientists,fishery managers and recreational fishers: lessons learned from a comparative analysis of international case studies

The management of recreational fisheries benefits from good collaboration between scientists, managers and recreational fishers. However, the level of collaboration largely depends on the levels of effective communication among the different stakeholders. This paper presents the views of scientists, managers and fishers concerning the quality of communication in eleven case studies of recreational fisheries. Case studies were synthesised and common reasons why communication did not always flow as intended were identified. The prevalent barriers to good communication, and therefore collaboration included a lack of rigorous scientific information transfer from scientists to fishers and managers, a fear from fishers that management actions will limit fishing opportunities, pre‐existing antagonism between commercial and recreational fisheries, and fishers' suspicion of science. Overcoming these issues is paramount to improve collaboration and participatory processes that help lead to robust, well‐accepted management actions.     

农业强国建设背景下农业经理人队伍建设路径探析

农业经理人是随着农业生产经营规模化、专业化、集约化和信息化而诞生且不断发展壮大的一支生力军。加强农业经理人队伍建设,发挥好农业经理人的应有作用和巨大潜能,对于加快推进农业强国建设具有深远和现实意义。回顾农业经理人产生的背景,阐述加强农业经理人队伍建设对加快建设农业强国的重要意义,总结分析当前各地在推进农业经理人队伍建设中的典型作法。针对存在的主要问题,从加大培养力度、完善培训内容、开展水平评价、搭建交流平台、构建激励机制、促进合理流动和营造良好环境等多角度提出发展对策,以期推动农业经理人队伍持续高质量发展。     

Understanding Climate Change Perceptions,Attitudes, and Needs of Forest Service Resource Managers

Surveys were collected to assess Forest Service (FS) resource managers’ perceptions, attitudes, and informational needs related to climate change and its potential impacts on forests and grasslands. Resource managers with three background types were surveyed. All participants generally considered themselves to be well-informed on climate change issues, although each resource manager group had different perceptions of climate change effects on natural resources. They shared similar views on the most potentially useful sources of information and that there was less concern at the Ranger District level about climate change. Administrative issues, including funding, were viewed by all participants as serious obstacles inhibiting agency action. Results of these surveys should provide insight for increasing science delivery efforts, providing educational opportunities, and developing guidance and training for FS resource managers. As a result, the agency can continue to provide science-based tools which assist in conserving and maintaining healthy, resilient ecosystems.