Rural depopulation and recent landscape changes in a Mediterranean region: Consequences to the breeding avifauna

We studied the vegetational and avifaunistic changes following rural depopulation in an area covering 2,600 ha north of Montpellier (Southern France). The study area is covered by a mosaic of Mediterranean habitats that includes cultivation, grasslands, shrublands, and woodlands and is representative of the natural features present and of the human usage practiced so far in this part of the Mediterranean. We sampled the vegetation and the bird fauna in the same 193 census plots in 1978 and in 1992. At both the habitat and landscape scales the cover of woody plants increased significantly. Open habitats tend to disappear. As a consequence the abundance of open-habitat bird species decreased significantly whereas the abundance of forest birds increased significantly. These changes favor a pool of forest species widespread in western Europe and reduce habitat availability for open habitat and shrubland species. Many of the latter are Mediterranean species whose distribution in Western Europe could become reduced under current landscape dynamics. Our observation of more woodlands and their typical birds and of less open habitats and their associated avifauna is not consistent with the traditional worry shown by the public and the managers about the regression of forests and woodlands in the Northern Mediterranean as a consequence of fire.     

不同副梢处理对赤霞珠葡萄生长和结果的影响

试验以3～5年生赤霞珠葡萄(CabernetSauvignon)为试材,对其进行了不同的副梢处理:只留顶端1个副梢、副梢绝后处理、花序以上反复摘心、副梢全留。2年的结果表明:副梢全留(所有副梢全留2～3片叶反复摘心)处理的叶面积指数高,果实的产量和品质高。因此,相对多留副梢叶片,改善了叶幕叶龄结构,提高了果实品质,有利于枝梢成熟。     

鱼腥草中产槲皮素内生真菌的分离鉴定

【目的】探索鱼腥草（Houttuynia cordata Thunb.）中是否存在产槲皮素的内生真菌。【方法】采用组织块法对鱼腥草内生真菌进行分离培养,分离纯化后收集菌丝利用薄层色谱（TLC）和高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测其代谢产物中的槲皮素,并分析其产量。采用形态学和内部转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer,ITS）序列分析鉴定产槲皮素的内生真菌。【结果】从鱼腥草不同部位共分离得到9株内生真菌,其中由根中分离得到的菌株YXC-G1具有产生槲皮素的能力,为笋顶孢属（Acrostalagmus sp.）真菌,菌丝中槲皮素的含量为8.296 mg/g。【结论】从鱼腥草根部分离到1株产槲皮素的内生真菌YXC-G1,其可作为生产槲皮素的备选菌株。     

虫害松针的次生物质变化及对马尾松毛虫生长发育的影响

对虫害马尾松针叶内非挥发性次生物质单宁、酚酸含量的测定结果表明:与健康对照相比,虫害马尾松针叶单宁含量有所升高,虫害8 h后含量升至最高,总酚含量一直高于对照.在此基础上,利用虫害马尾松(Pinus massoniana)针叶饲养马尾松毛虫(Dendrolimus punctatus)研究其对马尾松毛虫生长发育的影响.结果表明:马尾松毛虫取食虫害松针后,其幼虫的发育历期延长,取食3量、体重增量及其对松针利用和转化效率明显低于未受害松针.说明单宁、酚酸严重影响马尾松毛虫的生长发育,进而使其种群数量发生明显变化.     

Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Bacillus: A Comprehensive Review of Origins,Structures, and Bioactivities

The marine is a highly complex ecosystem including various microorganisms. Bacillus species is a predominant microbialflora widely distributed in marine ecosystems. This review aims to provide a systematic summary of the newly reported metabolites produced by marine-derived Bacillus species over recent years covering the literature from 2014 to 2021. It describes the structural diversity and biological activities of the reported compounds. Herein, a total of 87 newly reported metabolites are included in this article, among which 49 compounds originated from marine sediments, indicating that marine sediments are majority sources of productive strains of Bacillus species Therefore, marine-derived Bacillus species are a potentially promising source for the discovery of new metabolites.     

Structures and Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma harzianum

The biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum, from both marine and terrestrial environments, has attracted considerable attention. T. harzianum has a tremendous potential to produce a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs), which are an important source of new herbicides and antibiotics. This review prioritizes the SMs of T. harzianum from 1988 to June 2022, and their relevant biological activities. Marine-derived SMs, especially terpenoids, polyketides, and macrolides compounds, occupy a significant proportion of natural products from T. harzianum, deserving more of our attention.     

热带次生林经营引入物种选择

在国际热带木材组织（ITTO）的资助下,广东省林业科学研究院在广东新会和海南通什开展了“旨在提高生态和经济效益的热带地区次生林经营研究与示范”活动。其目的是通过在干扰破坏较严重的次生林中引入具有较好生态和经济效益的优良物种,使林分物种增加,林区居民能从经营中取得非木质产品的经济收益,达到保护和促进次生林的生长发育的目的,实现森林可持续经营的目标。在广东新会热带次生林经营研究与示范区活动中,选择101个引入物种进行试验研究,其中区域缺失和退化的乡土树种68种,占67．3％;外来树种13种,占12．9％;非木质产品物种20种,占19．8％。总结了低质低效次生林经营中物种选择的原则、方法和经营效果。     

棉花品种次生代谢物质含量差异对棉铃虫生长的影响

用不同棉花品种的嫩叶饲养棉铃虫幼虫，其相对生长率、相对取食量、近似消化率、食物转化率、食物利用率均不相同。感虫品种与高抗品种间的差异显著。运用逐步回归分析，建立了棉叶中６个影响因子（棉酚、单宁、油腺、总蛋白、总糖、单糖）与幼虫相对生长率之间关系的数学模型，并明确了各因子所起的作用。通过主成分分析，明确第１主成分为棉酚、单宁和油腺的作用，第２主成分为总糖、总蛋白的作用     

热带森林与次生林经营研究

文章综述了世界热带地区的森林资源分布、基本类型、主要特征,以及世界次生林的经营现状和主要经营方式。这些经营方式包括建立自然保护区、生态公益林经营、"采掘主义"、限制采伐和伐后更新、"砍三留七"法、"扶持"式育林法、"抑制"式育林法、整体培育法、专门培育法、带状皆伐法、开发欠知名树种、自然更新和封山育林。同时提出了森林分类经营,即按照经营的主要目的将其划分为商品林、公益林和多功能林等基本类型的方法。此外,分析了热带次生林存在的问题,并提出解决这些问题的措施。     

越冬结球甘蓝新品种‘苏甘27’

‘苏甘27’是由自交不亲和系Y7-2-4和M83-3-2-2杂交育成的中熟结球甘蓝一代杂种。叶球扁圆形,典型单球质量2.0 kg,从定植到采收150 d,产量在75 000 kg ? hm-2以上。耐寒性强,苗期耐高温能力强,抗软腐病和菌核病,耐贮性和品质好。适合中国长江流域及以南地区作越冬栽培。