利用SCoT对甜菜种质资源的鉴定及遗传多样性分析

为了研究SCoT分子标记技术对甜菜种质资源鉴定的可行性。利用80条SCoT引物对48份甜菜种质资源进行鉴别,同时对种质资源进行了遗传多样性分析和亲缘关系的鉴定。结果表明,80条SCoT引物中有6条能够扩增出清晰、且多态性高的条带,分别为SCoT1、SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT14、SCoT17和SCoT23,其中引物SCoT1、SCoT12、SCoT14和SCoT23单独使用均可鉴别全部的48份种质资源,引物SCoT13和SCoT17共同使用可以鉴别48个种质资源;聚类分析结果表明,在遗传距离0.15处,95.8%的种质资源均聚为一类,从分子角度上表明甜菜种质资源遗传距离较小。本研究为利用SCoT分子标记技术鉴别甜菜种质资源、对种质资源进行亲缘关系鉴定、杂交组合亲本选配以及分子标记辅助育种等提供相关科学依据。     

解决夏季母猪“饥而不饿”的营养招数

夏季来临，温度是影响猪群健康的第一要素，尤其对于母猪，在高温下其对营养的吸收利用及代谢均会发生改变，导致母猪代谢不畅而不愿采食，这将严重影响猪群健康及繁殖成绩。文章将从营养调节角度分析，并结合生产实践来解决这一问题，以期为猪场夏季母猪健康养殖提供借鉴和参考。     

新形势下新疆农机化可持续发展研究

分析和研究了加入WTO后新疆农机化而临的机遇、挑战及对新疆农机化的深远影响，并提出了在新形势下新疆农机化可持续发展的对策。     

社会资本对农民工返乡创业意愿的影响效应分析——基于互联网嵌入视角

农民工返乡创业能够有效培育农村经济发展的内生力量,对促进乡村振兴战略具有重要现实意义。在当前信息时代背景下,社会资本因互联网的嵌入已分化为现实社会资本和虚拟社会资本,这对农民工返乡创业意愿的影响效应可能不同。基于互联网嵌入视角,利用西安市406个农民工的微观调查数据,运用结构方程模型,分析现实社会资本和虚拟社会资本对农民工返乡创业意愿的影响效应。结果表明,农民工返乡创业意愿较为强烈;现实社会资本对农民工返乡创业意愿具有直接正向影响;虚拟社会资本对农民工返乡创业意愿具有直接负向影响、间接正向影响;虚拟社会资本可以转化为现实社会资本;虚拟社会资本正在逐步取代部分现实社会资本成为提升农民工返乡创业意愿的重要推力;互联网嵌入对于现实社会资本具有直接负向影响,对虚拟社会资本具有直接正向影响,对农民工返乡创业意愿没有直接影响。据此,提出加快农村地区经济组织发展,增加现实社会资本的累积;建立并完善信息服务平台,加强互联网信息审核机制的政策建议。     

电喷发动机不能起动的故障树诊断分析

结合电喷发动机的结构性能特点,对电喷发动机不能起动的故障原因进行了分析,绘制了电喷发动机不能起动的故障树, 提出了电喷发动机不能起动的诊断流程实例.采用故障树诊断分析的方法,可以快速查明电喷发动机不能起动的故障原因.     

芦笋罐头营养品质及抗氧化性研究

研究了芦笋罐头的营养成分及其抗氧化活性。结果表明,芦笋罐头的氨基酸质量分数为0.804%,黄酮质量分数为0.498%,清除DPPH自由基IC50值为0.74μg/mL,具有较强的抗氧化能力。     

Deficit irrigation based on drought tolerance and root signalling in potatoes and tomatoes

Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. Within the EU-project SAFIR new water-saving irrigation strategies were developed based on pot, semi-field and field experiments with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and processing tomatoes as model plants. From the pot and semi-field experiments an ABA production model was developed for potatoes to optimize the ABA signalling; this was obtained by modelling the optimal level of soil drying for ABA production before re-irrigation in a crop growth model. The field irrigation guidelines were developed under temperate (Denmark), Mediterranean (Greece, Italy) and continental (Serbia, China) climatic conditions during summer. The field investigations on processing tomatoes were undertaken only in the Po valley (North Italy) on fine, textured soil. The investigations from several studies showed that gradual soil drying imposed by deficit irrigation (DI) or partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD) induced hydraulic and chemical signals from the root system resulting in partial stomatal closure, an increase in photosynthetic water use efficiency, and a slight reduction in top vegetative growth. Further PRD increased N-mineralization significantly beyond that from DI, causing a stay-green effect late in the growing season. In field potato and tomato experiments the water-saving irrigation strategies DI and PRD were able to save about 20-30% of the water used in fully irrigated plants. PRD increased marketable yield in potatoes significantly by 15% due to improved tuber size distribution. PRD increased antioxidant content significantly by approximately 10% in both potatoes and fresh tomatoes. Under a high temperature regime, full irrigation (FI) should be undertaken, as was clear from field observations in tomatoes. For tomatoes full irrigation should be undertaken for cooling effects when the night/day average temperature >26.5 °C or when air temperature >40 °C to avoid flower-dropping. The temperature threshold for potatoes is not clear. From three-year field drip irrigation experiments we found that under the establishment phase, both potatoes and tomatoes should be fully irrigated; however, during the later phases deficit irrigation might be applied as outlined below without causing significant yield reduction:

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Potatoes

°

After the end of tuber initiation, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

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Fresh tomatoes

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From the moment the 1st truce is developed, DI is applied at 85-80% of FI for two weeks. In the middle period, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

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Processing tomatoes

°

From transplanting to fruit setting at 4th-5th cluster, the PRD and DI threshold for re-irrigation is when the plant-available soil water content (ASWC) equals 0.7 (soil water potential, Ψ_soil = −90 kPa). During the late fruit development/ripening stage, 10% of red fruits, the threshold for re-irrigation for DI is when ASWC = 0.5 (Ψ_soil = −185 kPa) and for PRD when ASWC (dry side) = 0.4 (Ψ_{soil, dry side} = −270 kPa).

The findings during the SAFIR project might be used as a framework for implementing water-saving deficit irrigation under different local soil and climatic conditions.     

Breeding for increased grain protein and micronutrient content in wheat: Ten years of the GPC-B1 gene

To provide food and nutrition security for a growing world population, continued improvements in the yield and nutritional quality of agricultural crops will be required. Wheat is an important source of calories, protein and micronutrients and is thus a priority to breed for improvements in these traits. The GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT-B1 (GPC-B1) gene is a positive regulator of nutrient translocation which increases protein, iron and zinc concentration in the wheat grain. In the ten years since it was cloned, the impacts of GPC-B1 allelic variation on quality and yield traits have been extensively analyzed in diverse genetic backgrounds in field studies spanning forty environments and seven countries. In this review, we compile data from twenty-five studies to summarize the impact of GPC-B1 allelic variation on fifty different traits. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the functional copy of the GPC-B1 gene is associated with consistent positive effects on grain protein, Fe and Zn content with only marginally negative impacts on yield. We conclude that the GPC-B1 gene has the potential to increase nutritional and end use quality in a wide range of modern cultivars and environments and discuss the possibilities for its application in wheat breeding.     

UASB反应器的快速启动

目前,UASB已是现代高效厌氧反应器中应用最广泛的反应器之一,但是由于厌氧系统的启动时间较长,严重影响了UASB工艺在污水处理中的应用。针对这一问题,综述了一些能使UASB快速启动的技术和研究,以期为UASB工艺的实际应用起到指导作用。     

基于故障树的电控汽油发动机无法启动故障诊断分析

汽车无法启动是常见故障,在短时间里寻找故障发生的原因往往相当困难。故障树分析法作为分析系统可靠性和安全性的一种重要方法,为复杂系统的故障查找提供了一种有效的途径。以奇瑞A3无法启动为例,建立了发动机无法启动的故障树模型,设计出了发动机无法启动故障诊断流程图,结合诊断的实际经验与相应的辅助检查,能够对汽油发动机无法启动故障发生的部位作出快速准确的判断。