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小型梳穗收获机收获损失的分析与试验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
小型梳穗收获机运用梳穗收获原理,一次完成田间站秆谷物梳脱、粒穗分离、复脱、清选和装袋等工序.梳穗收获中,谷物损失率是衡量小型梳穗收获机性能的重要指标.为此,对影响其损失率大小的因素进行了分析,进行了一系列室内外单因子性能试验和正交试验,找出了最佳的结构参数. 相似文献
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Greenberg SM Sparks AN Norman JW Coleman R Bradford JM Yang C Sappington TW Showler A 《Pest management science》2007,63(4):372-380
In the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas, cotton regrows and produces fruit from undestroyed stalks throughout the winter, and in spring weevils from such locations become a serious threat. The success of the boll weevil eradication program, which was reintroduced in the LRGV in 2005, will be dependent on thorough stalk destruction following harvest. However, adverse weather conditions and conservation tillage often impede immediate and complete stalk destruction using typical tool implements, and alternative stalk control methods are needed. This study provides an examination of the efficacy for cotton stalk destruction of different herbicides (thifensulfuron-methyl + tribenuron-methyl, dicamba-diolamine, 2,4-D-dimethylammonium, flumioxazin, 2,4-DB-dimethylammonium and carfentrazone-ethyl) and their rates, spray volumes and application timings on shredded or standing cotton stalks after stripper or picker harvest. None of the tested herbicides, except 2,4-D-dimethylammonium, stopped post-harvest cotton regrowth and fruiting. 2,4-D-dimethylammonium sprayed once (0 or 7 days) after cotton was harvested at 1 lb AE acre(-1) (1.12 kg ha(-1)), in a spray volume of 10 gal water acre(-1) (93.5 L ha(-1)) with 5 mL L(-1) surfactant, was highly effective in stalk destruction (72-90%). The best results were achieved when the herbicide was applied immediately after the cotton was shredded, followed by standing stripper-harvested and standing picker-harvested cotton. 2,4-D-dimethylammonium applied twice, 0 and 14 (or 21) days after cotton harvest, was 100% effective in killing stalks, regardless of whether they were shredded or standing, or whether harvest was by stripper or picker. These findings showed that 2,4-D-dimethylammonium cotton stalk destruction eliminated food and reproductive opportunities for managing overwintering boll weevils [Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)]. 相似文献
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棉花机械化收获技术包括统收式一次采摘技术与选收式多次采摘技术,各有其特点与优势。随着棉花产业的发展和广大棉农的迫切需求,我国统收式棉花收获技术取得了一系列创新性成果,并能在生产实践中得到推广应用。统收式棉花收获机实施机械化采收时往往会将籽棉连同少量棉桃、茎秆、棉叶等杂质一起采收,采摘下的青桃由于含水率高,极易给籽棉染色,造成品质下降。为提高棉桃清分效率,减少籽棉损失及解决棉纤维被染色等问题,统收式采棉机实施机械化采收籽棉时,需增设棉桃分离装置。在介绍装置的组成和工作原理的基础上,依据试验所测量物料悬浮速度的差异性,设计气吹式、气吸式两种分离模式的棉桃分离装置,并基于ANSYS Fluent软件开展空气动力学的仿真分析与试验对比验证。结果表明:气吸式棉桃分离装置优于气吹式棉桃分离装置,其棉桃清分率提高20%以上,同时籽棉损失率减少5%。棉桃分离回收系统创新性研究成果,不仅有利于统收式采棉技术与装备的综合性能得到改善与提高,而且对促进我国棉花产业的可持续性健康发展有着十分重要意义。 相似文献
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针对城市生活垃圾处理设备推板的结构特点,基于变密度法应用Hyperworks/optistruct对推板进行结构拓扑优化设计,优化后的推板结构强度符合设计要求,结构变得更加合理,重量减轻49.1%.采用的设计方法具有一定的理论和工程实用价值. 相似文献
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滚筒式采棉机采摘头的设计与研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
棉花收获机械化已经成为我国棉花产业发展中亟待突破的问题。目前,国内使用的采棉机90%都是进口的,进口采棉机中又以水平摘锭采棉机为主。水平摘锭采棉机具有工作可靠、性能稳定和工作效率高等特点,得到了农业专家和使用单位的认可。但由于水平摘锭结构复杂、加工难度大、价格昂贵,棉花生产企业难以承受,导致短期内采棉机数量不可能大幅度增加。为此,通过对滚筒式采棉机采摘头的结构设计和研究,建立了滚筒运动轨迹方程,讨论了采棉机行程速比系数k值的选择,从而为滚筒式采棉机的发展提供理论依据。 相似文献
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