Mental health in the veterinary profession: an individual or organisational focus?

The veterinary profession is experiencing a shortage of veterinarians, with attrition recognised as a substantial contributor. Research has also indicated increased levels of mental ill health and alarming suicide rates in practitioners. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of eleven modifiable workplace factors on mental health outcomes, job appreciation and intention to leave the veterinary profession. The second aim was to ascertain whether workplace factors influence mental health outcomes after controlling for individual resilience. An online survey was completed by 73 practising Australian veterinarians. Unfavourable workplace factors correlated with adverse outcomes including depression, stress, reduced job appreciation and increased likelihood of leaving both the role and the profession. Workplace factors remained linked with the outcomes of job appreciation, depression and stress whilst controlling for practitioner resilience. Job appreciation was a significant predictor of intention to leave both the current role and the profession. Via multiple linear regression, two categories were identified as associated with improved psychological outcomes and job appreciation. These were workplace factors that represent breaks from workload and control or decision latitude in the workplace. Whilst resilience represents a key area for intervention, workplace factors potentially represent an easier-to-modify area for intervention.     

2014—2023年中国蔬菜市场展望

未来10年,中国蔬菜播种面积将微幅增长,年均增幅约为0.5%;蔬菜产量年均增幅为0.8%,至2023年将达72 991万t。人均蔬菜直接消费量将从2013年的149 kg增加到2023年的166 kg,年均增幅约为1.1%。蔬菜加工业将快速发展,预计至2023年中国蔬菜加工业需求将达17 327万t。     

颗粒饲料破损离散元仿真参数标定

为了探究气力输送中颗粒饲料的破损机理,针对当前缺乏颗粒饲料准确破损仿真模型的问题,利用EDEM仿真软件进行颗粒饲料破损离散元仿真参数标定研究。以粒径为2.50 mm混养成鱼颗粒饲料为研究对象,通过基础试验测定了颗粒饲料本征参数;通过颗粒饲料休止角试验、碰撞恢复系数标定试验和落料时间,结合试验优化设计方法,确定了饲料间的碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦因数、滚动摩擦因数为0.58、0.23、0.12,饲料和软塑料（软PVC）间的碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦因数、滚动摩擦因数为0.69、0.22、0.18;通过颗粒饲料单轴压缩破碎试验和仿真试验,结合响应面优化确定了单位面积法向刚度、单位面积切向刚度、临界法向应力、临界切向应力,分别为2.25×10⁹ N/m³、8.05×10⁸ N/m³、455 MPa、305 MPa。以确定的参数进行休止角仿真试验、单轴压缩仿真试验,结果表明,休止角、破碎力、落料时间的仿真值与实测值相对误差分别为0.35%、1.43%、2.81%;通过自由落料、斜面滑动、斜面滚动试验对粘结模型接触参数进...     

Classifying tagging experiments for commercial fisheries into three fundamental types based on design,data requirements and estimable population parameters

Mark–recapture experiments have the potential to provide direct estimates of fundamental parameters required for fishery stock assessment and provision of subsequent management advice in fisheries. The literature on mark–recapture experiments is enormous, with a variety of different experimental designs and estimation models; thus, it can be difficult to grasp the primary features of different approaches, the inter‐relationship among them and their potential utility in different situations. Here, we present an overview of the tagging experimental designs that are appropriate for use in commercial fishery situations. We suggest that most mark–recapture experiments in a large‐scale fishery context can be classified into one of three basic types – Petersen, tag‐attrition or Brownie – based on the fundamental design employed for releases and recaptures. The release and recapture strategy (e.g. the number of release events, whether the size of the sample examined for recaptured tags is known) determines which parameters can be estimated and from where the information for estimating them arises. We conclude that an integrated Brownie and Petersen approach is the most powerful of the different approaches in terms of the range of parameters that can be estimated without underlying assumptions or constraints on parameters. Such an approach can provide direct estimates of fishing mortality, natural mortality and population size, which are the main population dynamics parameters that traditional fishery stock assessments attempt to estimate.     

Tooth length and incisal wear and growth in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) fed diets of different abrasiveness

Dental diseases are among the most important reasons for presenting guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) and other rodents to veterinary clinics, but the aetiopathology of this disease complex is unclear. Clinicians tend to believe that the ever‐growing teeth of rabbits and rodents have a constant growth that needs to be worn down by the mastication of an appropriate diet. In this study, we tested the effect of four different pelleted diets of increasing abrasiveness [due to both internal (phytoliths) and external abrasives (sand)] or whole grass hay fed for 2 weeks each in random order to 16 guinea pigs on incisor growth and wear, and tooth length of incisors and cheek teeth. There was a positive correlation between wear and growth of incisors. Tooth lengths depended both on internal and external abrasives, but only upper incisors were additionally affected by the feeding of whole hay. Diet effects were most prominent in anterior cheek teeth, in particular M1 and m1. Cheek tooth angle did not become shallower with decreasing diet abrasiveness, suggesting that a lack of dietary abrasiveness does not cause the typical ‘bridge formation’ of anterior cheek teeth frequently observed in guinea pigs. The findings suggest that other factors than diet abrasiveness, such as mineral imbalances and in particular hereditary malocclusion, are more likely causes for dental problems observed in this species.     

北京市社工专业人才流失问题研究

在北京市率先推出大学生社工进社区政策后,不同群体对其的评价不同。为了更好完善该项社会政策,将对北京市大学生社工进社区政策进行评估,分别从政策认同情况、政策执行情况和政策效果情况三方面进行探讨,并从中发现社区中大学生社工流失率过高的现状及问题,同时从社会、社区及个人层面提出相应的对策建议,促进社工专业人才队伍的建设与发展。     

波纹形筛片对锤片式粉碎机生产率及电耗的影响

为提高锤片式粉碎机的生产率和降低电耗,设计了一种新型筛片－－波纹型筛片,并进行了二次回归正交旋转试验。结果表明,最佳参数组合为锤片末端速度ｖ＝５７ｍ／ｓ,锤筛间隙δ＝７．０ｍｍ,筛片波纹角度α＝１３０°,波纹宽度ｂ＝３０ｍｍ。此时,生产率最高,电耗最低。